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- W1915512163 abstract "Nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbioses evolved and diversified within a single host plant clade (“nitrogen-fixing clade”) from a presumed common ancestor. The microsymbionts that nodulate these plants are either Alpha- or Betaproteobacteria (rhizobia), or Actinobacteria (Frankia). The capability to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules likely has arisen as several independent events; yet there are commonly shared symbiotic interactions governing nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient exchange. This chapter explores functional patterns of nutrient exchange with emphasis on the diverse Frankia-nodulated (actinorhizal) symbioses and shared patterns with rhizobial (legume) symbioses. In nodules of some actinorhizal genera, Frankia exports ammonium directly to the host tissue for primary assimilation, a pattern conserved with the rhizobial–legume symbioses. By contrast, primary N assimilation in nodules of the Cucurbitales host group follows a very different metabolic route. Microbial genome and transcriptome sequence information can be used to infer commonalities or functional specializations. Transporter genes in particular are useful indicators of environmental or symbiotic interactions, to the extent that genome databases contain accurate and specific gene identities. A common subset of genes for organic molecule transport was identified in the Frankia genomes analyzed (representing the three major symbiotic clades). ABC transporters for branched-chain amino acids are common to all five Frankia genomes examined, including close homologs of the rhizobial bra gene, essential in legume nodule amino acid transport. Other common transporters with potential roles in symbiosis include a lysine–arginine–ornithine transporter (LAO) and RND efflux pumps, and other ABC transporters of secondary metabolites. The Frankia genomes possess exceptionally high numbers of genes annotated as aminoglycoside phosphotransferases, a gene category present in several Actinobacteria, with homologs in the rhizobia. Transporters of potential carbon substrates (sugars and organic acids) exhibit a great diversity among the Frankia genomes, and clear patterns in relation to symbiosis are still difficult to discern." @default.
- W1915512163 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1915512163 date "2015-07-14" @default.
- W1915512163 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W1915512163 title "Functional Analysis of Nitrogen-Fixing Root Nodule Symbioses Induced byFrankia: Transport and Metabolic Interactions" @default.
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- W1915512163 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119053095.ch48" @default.
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