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• W1916918459 abstract "A major challenge to communities across the world inthe next century will be ensuring millions have access to adequatefreshwater resources. Studies from the UN World Health Organizationindicate that over 1.1 billion people currently lack access toreliable and secure freshwater supplies, with an estimated 2.5million deaths per year from diseases associated with poor accessand sanitation in 2007. Reverse osmosis (RO), a process throughwhich water is desalted via pressurized flow past a salt-selectivemembrane, is an energy-efficient method to generate freshwater fromoceanic, brackish, and waste water sources. However, there are anumber of challenges to scaling up RO processes to large scaleproduction, including the need to improve membrane selectivity andthroughput. One method to assemble selective layers for ROmembranes is layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, which is a flexible,scalable assembly technique that enables the incorporation of amyriad of polyelectrolytes and inorganic nanoparticles into thinfilms. There is a gap in the scientific literature concerning theuse of LbL to generate RO selective layers where previousapproaches have not taken full advantage of the LbL process toincorporate nanomaterials that can generate ordered nanostructuresfor salt rejection. In particular, high-aspect ratio clay plateletsare ideal for such a purpose; it was hypothesized that effectivesalt rejection could be achieved by hindering the diffusion ofsolvated ions through nano-channels formed by the plateletsembedded within a polymer matrix. This body of work examines theapplication of spray layer-by-layer (spray-LbL) assembly with claycomposite thin film architectures to generate nanostructuredselective layers for use in RO membrane technology. First,appropriate substrates were identified as support layers for thedeposition of spray- LbL assembled clay composite thin films. Bothelectrospun bisphenol-A polysulfone (PSU) mats of varying fiberdiameter and polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membraneswith varying pore diameters were examined. Second, a range ofmaterials were investigated for the spray-LbL deposition of claycomposite films. Laponite clay platelets were incorporated intoseveral different film architectures including strongpolyelectrolytes as well as cross-linkable weak polyelectrolytes toform both bilayer and tetralayer film architectures. The claycontent was controlled via manipulating assembly conditions such asthe pH and spray times of the film components. Assembled membranearchitectures were tested at industrial RO operating conditions indead-end permeation cells and evaluated for salt rejection, waterpermeability, and mechanical strength. Ultimately, it wasdetermined the most uniform and robust films were those depositedon PES membranes with 30 nm pores, closely matching thecharacteristic length of the LAP clay platelets to reduce theimpact of bridging. Although all the film architectures testedexhibited significantly greater water permeability thancommercially…" @default.
• W1916918459 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1916918459 creator A5036333459 @default.
• W1916918459 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W1916918459 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1916918459 title "Engineering nanostructured selective layers for reverse osmosis membranes" @default.
• W1916918459 hasPublicationYear "2015" @default.
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