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- W1917091490 endingPage "351" @default.
- W1917091490 startingPage "337" @default.
- W1917091490 abstract "Owing to limited self-healing capacity, tendon ruptures and healing remain major orthopedic challenges. Increasing evidence suggests that post-traumatic inflammatory responses, and hence, cytokines are involved in both cases, and also in tendon exercise and homeostasis. This review summarizes interrelations known between the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tendon to assess their role in tendon damage and healing. Exogenic cytokine sources are blood-derived leukocytes that immigrate in damaged tendon. Endogenous expression of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-10 and VEGF was demonstrated in tendon-derived cells. As tendon is a highly mechanosensitive tissue, cytokine homeostasis and cell survival underlie an intimate balance between adequate biomechanical stimuli and disturbance through load deprivation and overload. Multiple interrelations between cytokines and tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, catabolic mediators e.g. matrix-degrading enzymes, inflammatory and angiogenic factors (COX-2, PGE2, VEGF, NO) and cytoskeleton assembly are evident. Pro-inflammatory cytokines affect ECM homeostasis, accelerate remodeling, amplify biomechanical adaptiveness and promote tenocyte apoptosis. This multifaceted interplay might both contribute to and interfere with healing. Much work must be undertaken to understand the particular interrelation of these inflammatory and regulatory mediators in ruptured tendon and healing, which has relevance for the development of novel immunoregulatory therapeutic strategies." @default.
- W1917091490 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1917091490 creator A5030887965 @default.
- W1917091490 creator A5035973444 @default.
- W1917091490 creator A5043720791 @default.
- W1917091490 creator A5057789441 @default.
- W1917091490 creator A5077569167 @default.
- W1917091490 creator A5078521530 @default.
- W1917091490 creator A5080610801 @default.
- W1917091490 date "2011-01-07" @default.
- W1917091490 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
- W1917091490 title "The role of pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines in tendon healing and rupture: new insights" @default.
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