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- W192323446 abstract "In 1993 and 1994, health policy analysts and the general public expected that health reform would originate from Washington, D.C. By 1995, it became clear that the impetus for reform was not the government but the private marketplace (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 1996). The United States spends more on health costs per person and as a percentage of gross domestic production than any other country in the world. The health industry, therefore, is in a state of dynamic change because of the explosion in spending and the ever-increasing costs in the delivery of health services (Fuchs, 1997; O'Neal, 1995; Richardson, 1992). Controlling health costs is more than a good idea; it has become an economic necessity (Freiburg, 1993). At the center of all these changes is the growth of managed organizations (Freiburg, 1993; Richardson, 1992; Rodwin, 1996; Schlesinger, Gray, & Perreira, 1997). has changed the nation's health system more significantly than any other practice since employers established a market for private health insurance during World War II (Drake, 1997), and is rapidly restructuring our system of health delivery (Collins, Schoen, & Khoransanizadeh, 1997). In 1996, it was estimated that 100 million Americans were in managed health plans (National Committee for Quality Assurance, 1996). As approximately 20% of the population in the United States has some type of disability (Kraus, 1996), the number of people with disabilities in managed health plans is estimated to approach 20 million. This study addresses the questions of whether those persons with disabilities in managed plans believe that managed care: (a) provides an adequate level of treatment of their disabling conditions, (b) results in prevention or successful treatment of secondary complications of their disabilities, and (c) adequately meets their primary health needs. What is Care? Managed care is a loose term used to identify a wide variety of ways of organizing and financing the delivery of health services (Churchill, 1997; HealthCare Consultants of America, Inc., 1993; Lyle & Torras, 1996). It describes a system of health cost containment that deviates from the traditional health delivery system by using pre-arranged fee structures and utilization review procedures instead of fee-for-service billing. The aim is to reduce the price and quantity of health services. organizations include health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs) and other managed entities (Freiburg, 1993). HMOs are organized health systems that are responsible for both the financing and the delivery of a broad range of comprehensive health services to an enrolled population. HMOs are responsible for providing health services to their covered members through affiliated providers who are reimbursed under various methods (Kongstvedt, 1993). Patients enroll in HMOs by paying fixed monthly premiums. Patients pay nothing or relatively small amounts out-of-pocket when they need medical (HealthCare Consultants of America, Inc., 1993). Generally, preventive services are emphasized and covered. Some HMOs employ salaried physicians who work full-time for the HMO (a staff model HMO). Another model is the group model HMO in which the group is often paid under a capitation arrangement for specified services. A third model is the individual practice association (IPA) or network model HMO that contracts with physicians in private practice who treat the plan's patients as well as other patients (Lyle & Torras, 1996). A fourth way HMOs provide service to enrollees is to directly contract with individual providers (Freiburg, 1993). Preferred provider organizations (PPOs) are hybrids, somewhere between an IPA model HMO and a traditional insurance plan. A group of physicians may contract with self-insured employers or insurance companies to provide on a discounted basis. …" @default.
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- W192323446 date "2001-07-01" @default.
- W192323446 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W192323446 title "Managed Care Experiences of Persons with Disabilities" @default.
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