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• W1925174517 abstract "Circulating blood cells are the primary mediators of immunity in invertebrates, carrying out the phagocytic, pathogen trapping and other inflammatory responses that protect invertebrates against infection without specific immunoglobulin antibodies and immune memory. Different immune cell types are usually specialised for different functions with, in general, immune cell diversity tending to increase with body complexity and life history. However, common to most species are phagocytic and/or granular-type cells that synthesise and store bioactive proteins. Cellular immunity is induced by non-self motifs on the surface of pathogens or parasites recognised by cell-derived pattern recognition receptors with diverse binding specificities. Cell death appears to be inherent in immune reactivity of many invertebrates and, in some cases, aids pathogen trapping, which prevents their spread around the body. New immune cells are produced, at least in coelomates, by mesodermal haematopoietic tissues. Key Concepts Immunity in invertebrates is confined to non-specific inflammatory responses, mediated to a large extent by the circulating blood cells (haemocytes or coelomocytes) or their products. All coelomate invertebrates contain populations of freely circulating cells dedicated to host defence, some well developed for specialist purposes. There are no true vertebrate-type lymphocytes and no long-term, highly specific immune memory in invertebrates. The main invertebrate cellular immune responses include phagocytosis, pathogen trapping, cytotoxicity and the synthesis and release of microbicidal agents. These cellular reactions often involve the death of immune cells or their removal from the circulation, requiring new cells to be synthesised in the haemopoietic tissue and released into the blood. Genomic and proteomic studies have enabled many of the proteins responsible for cellular defence in invertebrates to be identified, especially in arthropods. Whilst many of the responses and pathways are ancient and highly conserved, there is great diversity in the effector molecules across the invertebrates as a whole." @default.
• W1925174517 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1925174517 creator A5090954041 @default.
• W1925174517 date "2016-02-15" @default.
• W1925174517 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1925174517 title "Immunology of Invertebrates: Cellular" @default.
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• W1925174517 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0002344.pub3" @default.
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