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• W1925859908 endingPage "527" @default.
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• W1925859908 abstract "•Canonical histone proteins are replaced with specific variants before and during periods of cellular transition. •Histone variants regulate cellular plasticity during development and in the adult nervous system. •Variants TH2A, TH2B, H2A.Z, and H3.3 facilitate cellular plasticity in early development. •Variants H2A.X, H3.3, and macroH2A inhibit developmental plasticity following cellular differentiation. •Variants H3.3, H2A.Z, and H2B.E regulate cellular plasticity in the adult nervous system. The broad diversity of cell types within vertebrates arises from a unique genetic blueprint by combining intrinsic cellular information with developmental and other extrinsic signals. Lying at the interface between cellular signals and the DNA is the chromatin, a dynamic nucleoprotein complex that helps to mediate gene regulation. The most basic subunit of chromatin, the nucleosome, consists of DNA wrapped around histones, a set of proteins that play crucial roles as scaffolding molecules and regulators of gene expression. Growing evidence indicates that canonical histones are commonly replaced by protein variants before and during cellular transitions. We highlight exciting new results suggesting that histone variants are essential players in the control of cellular plasticity during development and in the adult nervous system. The broad diversity of cell types within vertebrates arises from a unique genetic blueprint by combining intrinsic cellular information with developmental and other extrinsic signals. Lying at the interface between cellular signals and the DNA is the chromatin, a dynamic nucleoprotein complex that helps to mediate gene regulation. The most basic subunit of chromatin, the nucleosome, consists of DNA wrapped around histones, a set of proteins that play crucial roles as scaffolding molecules and regulators of gene expression. Growing evidence indicates that canonical histones are commonly replaced by protein variants before and during cellular transitions. We highlight exciting new results suggesting that histone variants are essential players in the control of cellular plasticity during development and in the adult nervous system. region of chromatin that contains both activating and repressive modifications, and is thus silent but poised for potential future activation. cell derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst (an early-stage embryo) that is pluripotent and can be grown indefinitely in culture. nucleosome that contains one copy of a particular histone variant and one copy of a canonical histone from the same family. covalent chemical modification of a histone protein that affects its structure and function. five families of positively charged proteins (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) that package DNA into nucleosomes within eukaryotic cell nuclei and play central roles in regulating gene expression. non-allelic isoform of a canonical histone protein. nucleosome that contains two copies of a particular histone variant. nucleosome that contains multiple distinct histone variants. the ability of a cell to divide and produce more than one differentiated cell type. electrical and chemical signaling that occurs upon activation of neuronal receptors. process in which a differentiated cell is converted to pluripotency. the basic unit of chromatin in eukaryotes, consisting of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins (two subunits from each of the H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 families). the ability of a cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cell types in an organism. phase (‘synthesis’) of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated and packaged largely with canonical histones. process in which the nucleus from a differentiated cell is reprogrammed following transfer to an oocyte." @default.
• W1925859908 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1925859908 creator A5079218238 @default.
• W1925859908 creator A5089691588 @default.
• W1925859908 date "2015-09-01" @default.
• W1925859908 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1925859908 title "Histone variants and cellular plasticity" @default.
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