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• W1937337553 abstract "Goal, Scope and Background. Methodologies based on life cycle assessment have been developed to calculate the environmental impact of dwellings. Human health damage due to exposure to substances emitted to indoor air are not included in these method‐ ologies. In order to compare this damage with human health damages associated with the rest of the life cycle of the dwelling, a methodology has been developed to calculate damages to human health caused by pollutants emitted from building materials. Methods. Fate, exposure and health effects are addressed in the calculation procedure. The methodology is suitable for organic substances, radon and elements emitting gamma radiation. The (Dutch reference) dwelling used in the calculation was divided in three compartments: crawl space, first floor and second floor. Fate factors have been calculated based on indoor and outdoor intake fractions, dose conversion factors or extrapolation from measurements. Effect factors have been calculated based on unit risk factors, (extrapolated) effect doses or linear relationship between dose and cancer cases. Damage factors are based on disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Results and Discussion. Characterisation factors have been calculated for 36 organic compounds, radon and gamma radiation emitted by building materials applied in a Dutch reference dwelling. For organic compounds and radon, the characterisation fac‐ tors of emissions to the second floor are 10‐20% higher than the characterisation fac‐ tors of emissions to the first floor. For the first and second floor, the characterisation factors are dominated by damage to human health as a result of indoor exposure. The relative contribution of carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic effects to the characterisa‐ tion factors is generally within one order of magnitude, and up to three orders of mag‐ nitude for formaldehyde. Conclusion. Health effects due to indoor exposure to pollutants emitted from build‐ ing materials appear to be dominant in the characterisation factors over outdoor ex‐ posure to such pollutants. The health effects of emissions of organic compounds and gamma radiation in the crawl space are very small, compared to the health effects of emissions into the other compartments. Using the characterisation factors calculated in this study, it is possible to calculate the human health damage due to emissions of substances and radiation emitted to indoor air and compare this damage with dam‐ ages to human health associated with the rest of the life cycle of the material. This is the subject of Part 2 of this research. Published as: Meijer, A., M.A.J. Huijbregts & L. Reijnders, 2005, Human health dam‐ ages due to indoor sources of organic compounds and radioactivity in life cycle impact assessment of dwellings – Part 1: Characterisation factors, in: International Journal of [ ] [ ]" @default.
• W1937337553 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1937337553 date "2006-11-01" @default.
• W1937337553 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1937337553 title "Improvement of the life cycle assessment methodology for dwellings" @default.
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