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• W194003145 abstract "In gas-injection enhanced oil recovery (EOR), foam is a promising method to improve sweep. We studied foam for EOR through analytical modeling and simulations in two cases: the ability of foam to prevent gravity override over large distances and the effect of oil on foam processes. Shan and Rossen (2004) present a simple model for SAG (surfactant-alternating-gas) foam process with vertical permeability kv equal to horizontal permeability kh, but they did not extend the numerical calculations to large distances. Robert de Velde Harsenhorst (2012) extended the model to the case for kv < kh, which gives the surprising prediction that gravity override is worse as kv decreases. With large kv, foam pushes gas downward in response to the pressure difference across the titled foam front. In the first part of this thesis, we extend the numerical calculations of de Velde Harsenhorst for the case 0 < kv < kh. Then, we use an example from a North Sea field to test the simple model in simulation. The simulation result confirms that segregation would be insignificant over the large distances between wells, 6 km, as predicted by the simple model. Then, we compare sweep efficiency in the North Sea example with continuous foam injection. Complete segregation over a relatively short distance with continuous foam injection is confirmed with simulation. The segregation length in the simulation is similar to that in analytical model derived by Van der Bol (2007). We also test the simple model with simulation under more demanding cases with more severe gravity segregation, using three sets of foam parameters: the North Sea example, model parameters fit to data of Persoff et al. (1991) and a foam model designed specifically to fit the assumptions of the simple model. Gravity segregation with SAG is worse as kv decreases in simulations in the latter two cases, which conforms to predictions of the simple model. The effect of oil on foam is complex and not fully understood. In the second part of this thesis, we study the effect of oil on foam from 1D computer simulations of continuous foam injection with oil present. We attempt to relate and compare plots of gas mobility-reduction factor with foam, plotted on a ternary composition diagram, with the composition paths of displacements simulated using the same model parameters. We also use fractional-flow theory, which provides key insights into foam EOR displacements, to verify the foam simulation results where the simulation composition paths travel along the binary sides of the ternary phase diagram. In the preliminary results, the injection point is always within the region of strong foam, but the initial condition is either inside or outside this region. In all cases, regardless of the initial condition, oil was displaced ahead of the foam. These results, which need further study, suggest possible usefulness of drawing composition paths on a plot of gas mobility-reduction factor on the 3-phase diagram. However, a check of the process by which foam is first created near the inlet in these simulations suggests numerical artifacts may have affected the results. This possibility needs further research." @default.
• W194003145 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W194003145 creator A5073996244 @default.
• W194003145 date "2013-08-26" @default.
• W194003145 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W194003145 title "Simulation Studies of Foam for Enhanced Oil Recovery" @default.
• W194003145 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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