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• W1940284908 abstract "Abstract: Robust ways to meet objectives of environmental conservation and social and economic development remain elusive. This struggle may in part be related to insufficient understanding of the feedbacks between conservation initiatives and social–ecological systems, specifically, the ways in which conservation initiatives result in social changes that have secondary effects on the environments targeted by conservation. To explore this idea, we sampled peer-reviewed articles addressing the social and environmental dimensions of conservation and coded each paper according to its research focus and characterization of these feedbacks. The majority of articles in our sample focused either on the effect of conservation initiatives on people (e.g., relocation, employment) or the effect of people on the environment (e.g., fragmentation, conservation efficacy of traditional management systems). Few studies in our sample empirically addressed both the social dynamics resulting from conservation initiatives and subsequent environmental effects. In many cases, one was measured and the other was discussed anecdotally. Among the studies that describe feedbacks between social and environmental variables, there was more evidence of positive (amplifying) feedbacks between social and environmental outcomes (i.e., undesirable social outcomes yielded undesirable environmental effects and desirable social outcomes yielded desirable environmental effects). The major themes within the sampled literature include conflict between humans and wild animals, social movements, adaptive comanagement, loss of traditional management systems, traditional ecological knowledge, human displacement and risks to livelihoods, and conservation and development. The narratives associated with each theme can serve as hypotheses for facilitating further discussion about conservation issues and for catalyzing future studies of the feedbacks between conservation and social–ecological systems. Resumen: Formas robustas para alcanzar los objetivos de la conservación ambiental del desarrollo económico son difíciles de encontrar. Este forcejeo puede estar relacionado en parte con el insuficiente entendimiento de la retroalimentación entre iniciativas de conservación y los sistemas socio-ecológicos, específicamente, las formas en que las iniciativas de conservación resultan en cambios sociales que tienen efectos secundarios sobre los ambientes enfocados por la conservación. Para explorar esta idea muestreamos artículos revisados por pares que abordan las dimensiones social y ambiental de la conservación y codificamos cada uno de acuerdo con su enfoque de investigación y la caracterización de esa retroalimentación. La mayoría de los artículos se enfocaron ya sea en el efecto de las iniciativas de conservación sobre la gente (e.g., relocalización, empleo) o el efecto de la gente sobre el ambiente (e.g., fragmentación, eficacia de la conservación de sistemas bajo manejo tradicional). Pocos estudios abordaron empíricamente tanto la dinámica social resultante de las iniciativas de conservación y los efectos ambientales subsecuentes. En muchos casos, una fue medida y la otra fue discutida anecdóticamente. Entre los estudios que describen la retroalimentación entre las variables sociales y ambientales, hubo más evidencia de retroalimentación positiva (amplificación) entre los resultados sociales y ambientales (i.e., resultados sociales no deseados produjeron efectos ambientales no deseados y resultados sociales deseados produjeron efectos ambientales deseados). Los temas principales en la literatura muestreada incluyen conflictos entre humanos y animales silvestres, movimientos sociales, comanejo adaptativo, pérdida de sistemas bajo manejo tradicional, conocimiento ecológico tradicional, desplazamiento de humanos y riesgos para sus formas de vida, y conservación y desarrollo. Las narrativas asociadas con cada tema pueden servir como hipótesis para facilitar la discusión posterior sobre temas de conservación y para catalizar estudios futuros sobre la retroalimentación entre conservación y sistemas socio-ecológicos. A list of the original studies in our sample and the coding associated with them is available online (Appendix S1). The authors are responsible for the content and functionality of these materials. Queries (other than absence of the material) should be directed to the corresponding author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article." @default.
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• W1940284908 date "2012-03-23" @default.
• W1940284908 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1940284908 title "Feedbacks between Conservation and Social-Ecological Systems" @default.
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• W1940284908 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01823.x" @default.
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