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• W1941909511 abstract "Despite the wide recognition of Mg2+ deficiency in several soil types, therehas been little documentation of the relationship between Mg2+ concentration in thesoil solution and plant growth, yield responses or the kinetics of development ofdeficiency symptoms in crops. Most of the literature deals with forest species, withonly a handful of crops being characterized. Even in the latter case, these papersaddress very severe cases of Mg2+ deficiency. Meanwhile, in many crops, visualsymptoms of Mg2+ deficiency are either virtually absent, or become obvious only atlater stages of plant development. One of these species is broad bean (Vicia faba L).In this study, broad beans were used as a case study to characterize the developmentof Mg2+ deficiency symptoms in plants and make a comparative evaluation of thesuitability of various physiological characteristics as prospective tools for earlydiagnosis of Mg2+ deficiency. The ultimate goal of this study was to suggest anefficient screening tool for early diagnosis of Mg2+ deficiency in crop species and toexplain cellular mechanisms underlying observed changes at the whole-plant level. In a series of glasshouse experiments, growth characteristics were measured atregular intervals (on a monthly basis) from plants grown in a wide range of Mg 2+concentrations (from 1 to 200 ppm) in soil solution. Those data were then correlatedwith plant yield responses, pigment composition and nutrient content in leaves as wellas with visual deficiency symptoms. At the age of 4 weeks, no visual symptoms ofdeficiency were evident even for plants grown at 1 ppm (severe Mg2+ deficiency).Shoot growth characteristics were very similar for a wide range of treatments,although a pronounced difference in plant yield was observed at the end of theexperiment. It appears that neither plant biomass nor leaf area is a good indicator fordiagnosis of Mg2+ deficiency in broad beans. Although pigment analysis revealed some difference between treatments, at no age was it possible to distinguish betweenmoderately Mg2+ deficient (10 or 20 ppm) and sufficient (50 to 80 ppm) treatments.Leaf elemental analysis for Mg2+ content remained the most sensitive and accurateindicator of Mg2+ deficiency in broad beans. However, its suitability for screeningpurposes is jeopardised by hight cost of analysis and a significant amount of timeinvolved.In a search for rapid screening tools for Mg2+ deficiency in crops at earlystages of plant ontogeny, kinetics of leaf photosynthetic responses and changes inelectrophysiological characteristics of broad bean leaves were studied. No apparentcorrelation between plant age, Mg2+ supply level and leaf stomatal conductance (gs)and transpiration rate (E) were found. A significant difference in CO2 assimilationbecame obvious only at week 8. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis was more suitablefor screening purposes, with significant (P=0.05) difference in the maximum quantumefficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm ratio) between Mg2+-deficient and sufficient plants as earlyas 2 weeks after seedling emergence. However, even in this case, only extremeMg2+ treatments were differentiated. The most sensitive potential screening tool was measurement of light-inducedchanges in the leaf surface electric potential (an integrated change in membranepotential of hundred of cells on the leaf surface). A significant difference in themagnitude of leaf electrical responses to light, measured by means of the surfacepotential technique, was found between optimal (Mg50) and deficient leaves as earlyas 2 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. Not only severe (Mg 1), but alsomoderately deficient (Mg10) leaves showed a significantly lower magnitude ofresponse. At the age of 4 weeks, it became possible to rank all treatments accordingto their predicted bean yield. Therefore, it appears that leaf electric measurements warrants testing as a potential screening tool for Mg 2+ deficiency, at least in broadbean plants. To establish a causal link between light-induced electrical events in beanleaves and membrane-transport processes at the plasma membrane of bean mesophyllcells, a series of experiments were conducted using a non-invasive ion selectivemicroelectrode (MIFE) technique. Netfluxes of Fr, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ weremeasured from leaves, grown at various Mg 2+ levels, and light-induced kinetics offlux changes were characterised with high (5 sec) temporal resolution. To myknowledge, this is the first report on net Mg2+ flux measurements from higher plantsin physiological literature.Based on the stoichiometry of ion flux changes and results of pharmacologicalexperiments, it was suggested that at least two mechanisms are involved in Mg 2+uptake across the plasma membrane of bean mesophyll cells. One of them is a nonselectivecation channel (NSCC), also permeable to K + and Ca2+. The othermechanism, operating at concentrations below 30 iiM, was suggested to be H+7Mg2+exchanger. Experiments performed on leaves grown at different levels of Mg2+availability (from deficient to excessive) showed that Mg 2+ availability has asignificant impact on the activity of plasma membrane transporters for Ca 2+, K+ andH+. Among other findings, our data suggests that Mg 2+ availability during plantgrowth may significantly affect light-induced Ca 2+ flux signatures and thus regulate(directly or indirectly) signal transduction between light photoreceptors and plasmamembrane effectors (ion channels). A possible causal link between light-inducedchanges in fluxes of other ions (Fr, K+, and Mg2+) and whole-plant responses to Mg2+deficiency is discussed." @default.
• W1941909511 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1941909511 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W1941909511 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1941909511 title "Physiological assessment of magnesium deficiency in broad beans (Vicia faba L.)" @default.
• W1941909511 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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