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• W195098674 abstract "Although corals are found on both of Nicaragua's coasts, reef-building corals have only been reported to occur on the extensive Nicaragua Shelf on the Caribbean coast. This is presumably due to differences in average nutrient concentrations, water depth and temperature on the two continental shelves. Given that coral reef formations are uncommon on the Pacific continental shelf, this chapter focuses almost entirely on the country's Caribbean reef formations, which occur in three zones on the Nicaraguan shelf - the nearshore shelf, the central shelf and the shelf edge. While the nearshore reefs were once well-developed, many of the reefs have been hit hard during the past two decades by increasingly greater volumes of fresh water and suspended sediments from 13 major rivers that drain 90% of the country's entire surface water drainage. The best-studied reefs are those on the central shelf, around the Corn Islands, where live coral cover was found to range between 5 and 55%. Average live coral cover averaged 30% at the five permanent transects at the CARICOMP site on Big Corn Island since the reef-monitoring program began in 1993. No information is available for the shelf slope. While increasing suspended sediment loads appear to be the greatest human threat to Nicaragua's nearshore reefs, fishing activities have also damaged corals in the nearshore and central zones. Direct fishing impacts include chemicals (e.g., chlorine) used by lobster divers, lobster traps dropped onto the reefs and anchor damage, whereas indirect impacts include the capture of reef herbivore and juvenile species as by-catch in Jamaican fish traps and shrimp trawlers, as well as physical destruction of seagrass nursery habitats by shrimp trawlers. Despite these multiple threats to the country's coral reefs, Nicaragua still lacks a coherent strategy for managing these ecologically important habitats. While there are many reasons for this shortcoming, much of it is related to a general lack of awareness at high political levels about the important role that coral reefs play in supporting fishery resources and biodiversity. Another reason is due to inadequate legislation for protecting corals, serious institutional gaps and overlaps in managing marine resources and biodiversity, as well as the lack of human capacity to conduct monitoring, research and integrated reef management." @default.
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• W195098674 date "2003-01-01" @default.
• W195098674 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W195098674 title "Nicaragua's coral reefs: status, health and management strategies" @default.
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• W195098674 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044451388-5/50010-2" @default.
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