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- W195573721 abstract "Light from the sun carries energy and information and both are essential for life on earth. The information carried by light has led to the evolution of light detection and ultimately, eyes in living organisms. Eyes appear perfectly adapted, each to an organism, an observation that puzzled Darwin who called eyes “… an organ of extreme perfection …” (Darwin, C., 1859) because the details of eye function were not known. In fact, physical laws govern light and have constrained eye evolution in important and interesting ways. Comparing eye morphology led to the suggestion that eyes evolved ∼40–60 different times (e.g., polyphyletic origin). In contrast, the fact that all eyes use members of the opsin protein family and that common molecules are used during development in many eye types suggested a single origin (e.g., monophyletic origin). Most evolutionary analysis compared eyes based on ciliary photoreceptors found primarily in vertebrates with eyes based on microvillar photoreceptors found primarily in invertebrates. Both these eye types rely on rhodopsin (type 2) but have dramatically different transduction cascades. Recently, both primary eye types were found in the eyes and bodies of extant vertebrates and invertebrates and so clearly existed in ancestral bilaterians. This means that at least these two eye types were present in the urbilateria, prior to the Cambrian explosive speciation. Moreover, cryptochromes, an additional functional photodetection system, that exist widely in both plants and animals also had an ancient origin. So all animal eyes we now know are certainly phylophyletic in origin. Since several additional families of opsin molecules have been identified in vertebrates, there may be more surprises in our understanding of eye evolution and function." @default.
- W195573721 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W195573721 creator A5055701866 @default.
- W195573721 date "2008-01-01" @default.
- W195573721 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
- W195573721 title "Evolution of Vertebrate Eyes" @default.
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- W195573721 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012370880-9.00254-1" @default.
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