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• W1960006277 abstract "Outsourcing in the New Economy: Highly Focused for Expertise and Speed Whitney Blake Chalson, CRITO Fellow Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations University of California, Irvine In the past, large companies tended to provide virtually all of their I/S functions in- house, often through massive data centers equipped with mainframes and minicomputers and centralized I/S departments. Few end users made use of computers – and those were generally in the form of terminals. However, this form of centralized computing often led to a disconnect between IS departments and business units. With the advent and proliferation of the personal computer beginning in the early eighties, computing services started to spread throughout the corporation. Computers started to replace typewriters and provide added functionality. With the introduction of LAN’s and dropping prices, PCs continued to make their presence felt in the corporation. And then came Windows, adding a degree of user-friendliness to the desktop. Computing took off. Office applications took off, email slowly made its presence felt, client-server computing made data driven applications far more complex and easily developed, but there remained many questions about returns on investment. And then came the Web. When we look at the various trends that emerged in corporate computing, we notice several periods of rapid development. These growth periods have helped lead to the proliferation of outsourcing. New technologies required skills that could not always be found within corporate I/S departments as well as placing huge staffing demands for systems development and services that did not require extensive full time staff beyond the implementation period. All but the simplest projects required increasing levels of specialized knowledge – often application specific – and the failure to engage in these projects would leave a company at a competitive disadvantage. Major Project Requirements In the late eighties and early nineties, two major types of projects were engaged in more or less universally: LAN development and development of client-server applications. In the early- to mid-nineties, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems gained wide recognition. Demand for these systems far exceeded the pool of qualified personnel available to implement them. The costs associated with hiring new resources and providing adequate training for these projects made more sense for consulting organizations than for individual corporations. When the Web started to gain critical mass in the mid- to late-nineties, corporations again rushed to implement web-based systems. Again, demand for qualified personnel exceeded supply. Finally, in the late nineties, the imminent approach of Y2K forced corporations to make ready for the date changeover. These preparations to take care of the “Y2K bug” once again placed huge pressure on the supply of personnel, and the temporary nature of preparing for the date rollover made hiring and training of corporate employees a high cost proposition. Against this backdrop, add application and system specialization as well as the" @default.
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• W1960006277 date "2001-04-01" @default.
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• W1960006277 title "Outsourcing in the New Economy: Highly Focused for Expertise and Speed" @default.
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