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- W1963547830 abstract "Viral fitness is defined by the ability of an individual genotype to produce infectious progeny in a specific environment. For HIV the environment is never constant but rather fluctuates in time and space. For instance, environmental factors that determine viral fitness during transmission from host to host are different to the pressures from either cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) or antiviral drugs. Consequently, viral fitness is highly dependent on the environment and the accurate determination of this value therefore depends strongly on the chosen environmental setting. This review describes how the host environment imposes selective pressures on the virus that shape its genotype and fitness. The most important environments that the virus encounters throughout its life cycle and during natural infection are discussed. In order of appearance, CTLs are discussed, followed by neutralising antibodies and antiretroviral drug treatment. It then goes on to describe receptor molecules that mediate viral entry and intracellular restriction factors, which represent selective pressures that are present directly from the start of a natural infection. It concludes by discussing the complexity of viral fitness and how an accurate measure of viral fitness eventually may, for example, contribute to the improvement of antiretroviral therapy or help in the formulation of an optimal vaccination strategy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd." @default.
- W1963547830 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1963547830 creator A5019287445 @default.
- W1963547830 creator A5041196976 @default.
- W1963547830 date "2005-06-08" @default.
- W1963547830 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W1963547830 title "The host environment drives HIV-1 fitness" @default.
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