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• W1963584666 abstract "Abstract The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve being created along the Gulf Coast will provide the largest inventory of crude oil of any nation in the world. Unique engineering has been employed to solve the problems presented in creating large volume underground caverns rapidly and for handling the high flow rates required during oil withdraw 1 This paper discusses the design considerations (criteria), development schedules and methods used to meet the objectives of the program. Introduction Americans are accustomed to being in lines. To enter stadiums and theaters, to pay for purchases at retail establishments, or to view memorabilia at historic sites. However, during the winter of 1973–1974, we were forced into new, unwelcome lines. Those waiting to buy gasoline. Caused by an embargo by the major oil exporting ing nations, these severe petroleum supply disruptions served as a vivid reminder of America's dependence on imported oil. Our nations's demand for foreign petroleum has tripled during the last three decades—from about 15% of our total demand in 1950, to almost 45% in 1980. Despite the current glut of petroleum, future embargos or other interruptions could still have severe effects on our economy. This paper describes the unique engineering solutions to problems associated with leaching large-volume underground storage caverns for crude oil. To handle the high flow rates associated with accelerated development of these caverns, up to three wells must be drilled for each cavern. An alternative method calls for 20-inch diameter final casings, which are about twice the size used in conventional oil and gas drilling. Design considerations affecting the caverns are discussed, and possible additional applications for the technology, are included. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To make us less dependent on overseas petroleum sources, the United States Congress passed in December 1975, the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA). This act gave the requirements of a Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) of up to one billion bbls. of crude oil. The SPR Plan set an intermediate goal for early storage in the Gulf Coast by the end of 1980 and one billion bbls. of oil in storage by 1985. The Department of Energy (DOE) is charged with the overall responsibility for SPR, while the project has involved many other organizations. The first major questions arising from the SPR Plan were how and where to store one billion barrels Plan were how and where to store one billion barrels of oil. Numerous storage possibilities were considered. Examples were:aboveground tanksmothballed shipsconventional minessalt caverns Secondly, the storage sites had to be located for efficient pipeline and tanker access, to permit fast removal and distribution, in the event of oil supply disruption. After careful consideration, a decision was made to store the reserve in solution and conventionally mined caverns in underground salt dome formations along the Gulf Coast. Several excellent reasons accounted for this choice. The caverns offered:Considerable existing capacity and the potential to develop additional storage capacities at selected sites.Stable and safe storage." @default.
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• W1963584666 date "1981-10-04" @default.
• W1963584666 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1963584666 title "Expansion of Solution Cavern Storage Technology" @default.
• W1963584666 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/10167-ms" @default.
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