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- W1963991340 abstract "Mytilus edulis embryos develop, grow and calcify when the gametes are placed in seawater at a salinity of 25‰ Embryos, raised with published formulations for seawater substitutes and commercial preparations using reagent chemicals, showed no calcification, but when Leslie coarse hide salt was used as the source of NaCl, most formulas provided some success in the development, growth and calcification of the mussel embryos. A new formula (BioSea) was designed which would allow normal growth and development of Mytilus to the shelled veliger stage. The essential inorganic compounds were Leslie coarse hide salt, U.S.P. sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride, reagent anhydrous magnesium sulfate and reagent calcium chloride. Leslie coarse hide salt contained essential materials (L factor), thought to be organic, necessary for calcification of mussel larvae. This factor was destroyed upon burning of the salt. Seawater contained 4 times as much of the essential L factor as BioSea. Growth and development of Mytilus were improved by adding alkaline phosphatase, carbonic anhyrase, purine (free base), dl -lysine and dl -aspartic acid to BioSea. Mussel bioassays of Kraft mill effluents in BioSea gave data equivalent to assays carried out in seawater. It is suggested that BioSea be used as a standard medium for bioassays of the effectiveness of marine waters for developing Mytilus . During the development of BioSea several recurring pathologies were noted. Abnormal larval forms could often be related to specific substances or specific procedures. Among the abnormalities of frequent occurrence were hollow embryos; ear muff, black spot and exploded embryos; trochophores with levorotory spin; malformed trochophores; trochophores without flagella and larvae with extrusion of viscera." @default.
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- W1963991340 date "1971-10-01" @default.
- W1963991340 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W1963991340 title "Formulation of a synthetic seawater for bioassays with mytilus edulis embryos" @default.
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- W1963991340 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(71)90024-8" @default.
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