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• W1964303604 endingPage "064116" @default.
• W1964303604 startingPage "064116" @default.
• W1964303604 abstract "Genetic information, which is stored in the long strand of genomic DNA as chromatin, must be scanned and read out by various transcription factors. First, gene-specific transcription factors, which are relatively small (∼50 kDa), scan the genome and bind regulatory elements. Such factors then recruit general transcription factors, Mediators, RNA polymerases, nucleosome remodellers, and histone modifiers, most of which are large protein complexes of 1-3 MDa in size. Here, we propose a new model for the functional significance of the size of transcription factors (or complexes) for gene regulation of chromatin domains. Recent findings suggest that chromatin consists of irregularly folded nucleosome fibres (10 nm fibres) and forms numerous condensed domains (e.g., topologically associating domains). Although the flexibility and dynamics of chromatin allow repositioning of genes within the condensed domains, the size exclusion effect of the domain may limit accessibility of DNA sequences by transcription factors. We used Monte Carlo computer simulations to determine the physical size limit of transcription factors that can enter condensed chromatin domains. Small gene-specific transcription factors can penetrate into the chromatin domains and search their target sequences, whereas large transcription complexes cannot enter the domain. Due to this property, once a large complex binds its target site via gene-specific factors it can act as a 'buoy' to keep the target region on the surface of the condensed domain and maintain transcriptional competency. This size-dependent specialization of target-scanning and surface-tethering functions could provide novel insight into the mechanisms of various DNA transactions, such as DNA replication and repair/recombination." @default.
• W1964303604 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1964303604 creator A5021309878 @default.
• W1964303604 creator A5026270152 @default.
• W1964303604 creator A5035675072 @default.
• W1964303604 creator A5046587689 @default.
• W1964303604 creator A5055131081 @default.
• W1964303604 creator A5077728722 @default.
• W1964303604 date "2015-01-07" @default.
• W1964303604 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W1964303604 title "The physical size of transcription factors is key to transcriptional regulation in chromatin domains" @default.
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