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- W1965581321 abstract "Plants use phytochrome photoreceptors to determine their proximity to other plants, to gauge the intensity of vegetational shade, and to determine whether they are near the surface of bare soil or buried under leaf litter. In each case, phytochromes are measuring the ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) light in the environment, and plants are using the information to elicit critical developmental responses, such as delaying the germination of seeds under a leaf litter or growing taller and reproducing earlier when neighbors impinge on their access to light (1). In open environments, the R:FR ratio is near 1; under a dense canopy or under leaf litter, it may fall to as low as 0.2, due to absorption of most of the light available for photosynthesis (400–700 nm) by plant pigments. Similarly, in soils, short wavelengths are scattered in the first few millimeters, whereas longer wavelengths penetrate more deeply. The ability of phytochrome to measure the R:FR ratio arises from its photoreversibility. It interconverts between two forms, a red absorbing form (Pr) and a far-red absorbing form (Pfr), which occur in a dynamic equilibrium determined by the R:FR ratio in ambient light. Although phytochromes have diversified independently in mosses, ferns, and seed plants (2), the different members of the phytochrome family in these lineages and across plants have very similar absorption maxima, centered on 660 nm for Pr and 730 nm for Pfr. For plants in terrestrial environments, the importance of the R:FR ratio is universal, and the spectral properties of phytochromes appear to have changed little through the ∼500 million years of land plant evolution. The origins of phytochrome, however, have remained mysterious. In PNAS, Duanmu et al. (3) provide evidence that … [↵][1]1Email: sarah.mathews{at}csiro.au. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1" @default.
- W1965581321 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1965581321 date "2014-10-27" @default.
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- W1965581321 title "Algae hold clues to eukaryotic origins of plant phytochromes" @default.
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- W1965581321 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1417990111" @default.
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