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• W1965775717 abstract "Background With increased access to antiretroviral treatment (ART), immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)–infected populations remains a clinical challenge. We studied a cross-sectional cohort of HIV-infected subjects in Johannesburg (South Africa) to help define the immune correlates that best distinguish IRIS from ongoing MTB cases. Methods We studied HIV+ subjects developing MTB-related unmasking tuberculosis-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (uTB-IRIS) after ART initiation; control groups were subjects with HIV and HIV/tuberculosis-coinfected subjects with comparable ART treatment. Testing was conducted with whole blood–based 4-color flow cytometry and plasma-based Luminex cytokine assessment. Results Natural killer cell activation, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 8 serum concentration were significantly higher in uTB-IRIS subjects compared with both control groups. In addition, all MTB-coinfected subjects, independent of clinical presentation, had higher neutrophils and T-cell activation, together with lower lymphocytes, CD4+ T-cell, and myeloid dendritic cell counts. Using conditional inference tree analysis, we show that elevated natural killer cell activation in combination with lymphocyte count characterizes the immunological profile of uTB-IRIS. Conclusion Our results support a role for innate immune effectors in the immunopathogenesis of unmasking MTB-related IRIS and identify new immune parameters defining this pathology." @default.
• W1965775717 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1965775717 date "2011-11-01" @default.
• W1965775717 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W1965775717 title "Natural Killer Cell Activation Distinguishes Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Mediated Immune Reconstitution Syndrome From Chronic HIV and HIV/MTB Coinfection" @default.
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• W1965775717 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e31822e0d15" @default.
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