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- W1965925758 abstract "This paper applies a two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to re-examine the causality between defense burden (MB) and real GDP (RY) for 137 countries. The findings indicate that a short-run causality running from MB to RY is found in lower-middle- and high-income countries and that from RY to MB is found in low-income countries, while bidirectional short-run causality is found in Asia, Europe, Latin America & the Caribbean and the Middle East & North Africa. No causality is found in upper-middle-income, European & Central Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries. Thus, our results do not support that one size fits all. This paper contributes important implications to the countries for making their defense policy." @default.
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- W1965925758 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W1965925758 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
- W1965925758 title "The nexus between defense expenditure and economic growth: New global evidence" @default.
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- W1965925758 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.10.019" @default.
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