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• W1966117777 endingPage "208" @default.
• W1966117777 startingPage "199" @default.
• W1966117777 abstract "Many plant pathogens subvert host immunity by injecting compositionally diverse but functionally similar repertoires of cytoplasmic effector proteins. The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is a model for exploring the functional structure of such repertoires. The pangenome of P. syringae encodes 57 families of effectors injected by the type III secretion system. Distribution of effector genes among phylogenetically diverse strains reveals a small set of core effectors targeting antimicrobial vesicle trafficking and a much larger set of variable effectors targeting kinase-based recognition processes. Complete disassembly of the 28-effector repertoire of a model strain and reassembly of a minimal functional repertoire reveals the importance of simultaneously attacking both processes. These observations, coupled with growing knowledge of effector targets in plants, support a model for coevolving molecular dialogs between effector repertoires and plant immune systems that emphasizes mutually-driven expansion of the components governing recognition. Many plant pathogens subvert host immunity by injecting compositionally diverse but functionally similar repertoires of cytoplasmic effector proteins. The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is a model for exploring the functional structure of such repertoires. The pangenome of P. syringae encodes 57 families of effectors injected by the type III secretion system. Distribution of effector genes among phylogenetically diverse strains reveals a small set of core effectors targeting antimicrobial vesicle trafficking and a much larger set of variable effectors targeting kinase-based recognition processes. Complete disassembly of the 28-effector repertoire of a model strain and reassembly of a minimal functional repertoire reveals the importance of simultaneously attacking both processes. These observations, coupled with growing knowledge of effector targets in plants, support a model for coevolving molecular dialogs between effector repertoires and plant immune systems that emphasizes mutually-driven expansion of the components governing recognition. designation applied to effectors discovered on the basis of their ability to cause otherwise virulent pathogens to elicit an avirulent response on plants carrying the corresponding R gene; some Avr proteins also have Hop designations, as explained below. a pathogen that has a sustained parasitic nutritional relationship with living plant tissue. Many biotrophs cause host cell death later in pathogenesis and are referred to as hemibiotrophs. for convenience in this review the term is used synonymously with cytoplasmic effector, Hop and Avr protein to denote virulence-related proteins delivered into host cells by pathogens; however, the term is often used more broadly to include other pathogen molecules such as phytotoxins. based typically on surveillance of effectors or their activities within plant cells by nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat R proteins. the resistance of cultivars or other subspecific groups of a plant species against races of an otherwise virulent pathogen. Races within P. syringae pathovars are typically determined by R-protein mediated recognition of an individual effector in a cultivar-race and ‘gene-for-gene’ manner resulting in host resistance. hypersensitive response and pathogenicity/conserved; designation for components of the P. syringae type III secretion system; Hrc refers to secretion machinery components conserved also in animal pathogens. a generic designation for P. syringae type III effectors. Some effector families are known only by their original Avr designations (e.g. AvrE), whereas others are described by both Hop and Avr designations where extensive literature is associated with the Avr designation (e.g. HopAB2/AvrPtoB). a localized programmed cell death associated with ETI. the resistance of plant species to pathogen species or pathotypes (such as P. syringae pathovars) that normally cause disease in other plant species. most of the known resistance (R) proteins involved in direct or indirect recognition of pathogen effectors are in this class of proteins. based on detection of microbial PAMPs by PRRs. highly conserved features of bacterial cells that elicit an innate immune response known as PAMP-triggered immunity; PAMPs are also known as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). a subspecific group in P. syringae defined largely by host specificity; some pathovars are polyphyletic, and some strains are virulent on divergent hosts, such as P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 on tomato and Arabidopsis. plant proteins that perceive molecular patterns (PAMPs) at the cell surface, initiating PTI. effectors that interfere with a common defense pathway or process. plant resistance proteins that perceive type III effectors, initiating ETI; typically NB-LRR proteins. injects effectors from bacterial pathogens of plants and animals into host cells." @default.
• W1966117777 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1966117777 creator A5004036420 @default.
• W1966117777 creator A5014420676 @default.
• W1966117777 creator A5040115265 @default.
• W1966117777 date "2012-04-01" @default.
• W1966117777 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
• W1966117777 title "Pseudomonas syringae type III effector repertoires: last words in endless arguments" @default.
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