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• W1966478744 abstract "This monograph presents an introduction to the current status and future potential in the application of millimetre wavelength spectrometry to the quantitative analysis of gaseous mixtures. It will therefore be of interest for chemists and other people working in this field or for those who want to start working there. Within the spectrum of electromagnetic waves, the millimetre wave range is located between the microwave range and the far-infrared spectral region. The former may be characterized by the use of technical components like solid state devices as sources, mixers or detectors and by a circuit network (waveguides). For the far-infrared region, on the other hand, it is typical to use optical components like interferometers (Fabry-Perot or Michelson) and plane, spherical or even aspherical mirrors. In the millimetre wave range, at the boundary between these two, it is customary to employ a mixture of both techniques. This is also demonstrated in this book with the description of millimetre wave spectrometers and their components where the authors prefer the language and terminology of microwave techniques to that of optics. With respect to the physics at millimetre wavelengths, one can observe magnetic excitations in solids, e.g. antiferromagnetic resonance, and rotational transitions in gases. The monograph discussed here is devoted to the latter processes and to a very accurate measurement of the absorption lines due to rotational transitions in order to determine the concentration of the gas under investigation, i.e. to perform a quantitative analysis. Consequently, it is helpful and convenient for the reader that Chapter 1 of this monograph starts with a brief and concise introduction to the theory of the interaction of millimetre wave radiation with gases including the basic spectroscopic facts and the various mechanisms of line broadening in gases. Finally, the theoretical considerations lead to the different line profiles, to the line intensity, i.e. the area under an absorption line, and to the peak absorption coefficient ?max. The absorption coefficient occurs rather frequently in the text but the reader will be irritated by its notation changing from the normal Greek letter ? to ? on pages 2, 68 and 69 without any explanation. It is even more confusing that ?max appears in equation (4.8) with reference to equation (4.2) where the peak absorption coefficient is written as ?max. In Chapters 2, 3 and 5, an overview is presented of the components for millimetre wave spectrometry, such as Fabry-Perot interferometers, sources or detectors, and of commercially available spectrometers. A more detailed discussion is provided of the millimetre wave spectrometer designed and built by the authors and of its components. The aim of this spectrometer is to be compact, low-cost, automatic and robust. A confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (or cavity) is used as the sample cell in order to provide a sufficient effective path length for sensitive measurements on gases. The source is a frequency-stabilized Gunn oscillator with a YIG oscillator as intermediate frequency source. The source is frequency-modulated, and for phase-coherent detection of the signal a He-cooled InSb bolometer or a Schottky diode mixer is used. As far as the mechanical parts are concerned, i.e. the optical and technical components, this spectrometer looks relatively simple. However, great effort was required for the electronics and the control devices of this instrument. The reader learns, for example, from the explanations in Chapters 2 and 6 that it is necessary to drive one of the interferometer mirrors synchronously to the frequency modulation of the source by means of a piezoelectric actuator in order to keep the interferometer always in resonance in the course of the frequency changes due to the modulation of the source. The performance of the authors' spectrometer and some of the results obtained with it are summarized in Chapters 4 and 6. From the discussion of the various mechanisms of line broadening and the resulting absorption line profiles, e.g. Lorentzians, Gaussians or combinations of both, it becomes obvious to the reader that the dependence of the absorption line intensities on the concentration is strictly linear while the corresponding data for the peak absorption value exhibit a slight curvature. This is demonstrated in figure 4.1 for nitrous oxide (N2O) in air. Many other experimental data provide convincing evidence of the capability of this millimetre wave spectrometer for the quantitative analysis of gas mixtures. Moreover, digital modulation techniques are also presented in Sections 4.1 and 4.2, replacing the sinusoidal frequency modulation, and these allow simpler expressions to be obtained for the spectral signal. In conclusion, this monograph is really an excellent up-to-date introduction to the field of millimetre wave spectrometry and to the quantitative analysis of gases by means of measurements in this spectral range. Most details are based on the authors' own experience with their home-made spectrometer, but other approaches to the solution of the problems are also discussed. Therefore, this monograph can be recommended for all scientists interested in this field, working there or starting to work there. That means not only chemists but also physicists and scientists involved in environmental problems. Of course, this compact monograph (118 pages) cannot deal with all technical details, but the interested reader will most probably find an answer to his questions in the references at the end of each chapter. Reinhart Geick" @default.
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• W1966478744 title "Quantitative Millimetre Wavelength Spectrometry" @default.
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