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• W1966595844 abstract "We encountered and treated two cases of Prevotella bivia in mixed aerobic/anaerobic paronychia within a period of 1 year. Upon reviewing the literature, we found a dearth of both experimental and anecdotal evidence of this specific bacterial infection, with only one case of P. bivia in the hand having been reported [1].The most prevalent pathogen in acute paronychia is Staphylococcus aureus, which is the causative bacterium in 50 to 80% of cases [2–4]. However, anaerobic infections, especially mixed aerobic/anaerobic infections, are becoming increasingly common [1, 5–7]. Mixed infections, not uncommon in paronychia, provide a fertile environment for the exchange of genetic material, thus increasing both the severity of infection and the chance of developing bacterial resistance [8–10]. Gram-negative anaerobes, which have been proven to induce a pro-inflammatory response, are normally the anaerobes involved in these mixed infections [2, 5, 7, 10, 11].P. bivia is an anaerobic, non-pigmented, Gram-negative bacillus species which naturally thrives in the human female vaginal tract and occasionally is found in the oral flora [1, 5, 12, 13]. Due to its ability to grow abundantly in the presence of estrogen, P. bivia is traditionally implicated in vaginal tract infections such as endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease [5, 13]. However, P. bivia has also been found in rare locations such as the nail bed, chest wall, intervertebral discs, and even the hip and knee joints [5, 10, 14–16]. If left untreated, it may lead to more serious conditions, including necrotizing fasciitis, osteomyelitis, or septic arthritis [12, 17–20].In recent reports, the general consensus for treating paronychial infections has been broad spectrum antibiotics such as oral amoxicillin/clavulanate or oral clindamycin [2, 11, 21]. These choices are intended to provide broad coverage of both aerobic and anaerobic species, regardless of susceptibility testing. The challenging aspect of mixed infections is that susceptibility testing for anaerobes is not well standardized [22]. Also, some P. bivia strains have actually shown resistance to broad spectrum antibiotics such as clindamycin [9]. Thus, confusion still exists over how to treat these infections. The following cases shed some light on how the aerobic pathogen may be a new target for treating these mixed infections." @default.
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• W1966595844 date "2016-09-05" @default.
• W1966595844 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
• W1966595844 title "Mixed Infections of the Paronychium with Prevotella bivia" @default.
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• W1966595844 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12593-011-0054-7" @default.
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