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• W1967256544 abstract "THE PREVAILING research strategy of Experimental Psychology and Experimental Psychiatry is to assign groups of initially similar subjects to different experimental conditions and to use statistical tests to determine the significance of obtained differences following completion of the experiment. Although this is a perfectly appropriate design, it can not always be used. In clinical research the number of comparable subjects available for study is often limited; thus excessive reliance on conventional between groups designs and inferential statistics may be stifling worthwhile investigation. An alternative approach is the experimental analysis of single cases, where the subject serves as his own control and different experimental conditions are compared within rather than between subjects. CHASSAN and his associates working in the area of clinical psychopharmacologyl-5 have shown that precise measurement and sophisticated singlecase experiments are not only possible but have certain ethical and methodological advantages over traditional group designs. A similar argument, however, has yet to be adequately made for psychotherapy research. Although SHAPIRO 6.7 has worked in this area, his research program can be criticized because stress is placed on correlative rather than on experimental analysis, and on subjective self-rating scales rather than on objective, publicly observable measures. Recent developments in behavior therapy have overcome these deficiencies. In neurotic disorders behavior therapy attempts to directly train the patient to do what he is initially unable to do, e.g. in a case of claustrophobia, to stay in an enclosed space for progressively longer periods of time; in a case of agoraphobia to walk and stay alone in open and crowded places for progressively longer periods of time; in a case of obsessive hand washing, to handle increasingly dirty or otherwise ‘dangerous’ items for progressively longer periods of time, etc. In previous studies, we have arranged graduated training tasks to achieve these ends and have experimentally investigated the effects of special incentives or reinforcement,s+g feedback of precise information regarding subject’s performance,10 and different" @default.
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• W1967256544 date "1970-02-01" @default.
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• W1967256544 title "Practice as a psychotherapeutic variable: An experimental analysis within single cases" @default.
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• W1967256544 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(70)90009-9" @default.
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