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• W1967514596 abstract "Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem, particularly in Third World nations, where the prevalence of infection is reported to be as high as 40%. 1 Aziz M.A. Wright A. Laszlo A. De Muynck A. Portaels F. Van Deun A. et al. Epidemiology of antituberculosis drug resistance (the Global Project on Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance): an updated analysis. Lancet. 2006; 368: 2142-2154 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (286) Google Scholar , 2 Bhargava A. Jain A. Agrawal S.K. A comparison of liquid and solid culture media with radiometric system for detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens. Indian J Tuberc. 2001; 48: 9-12 Google Scholar Being the most common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients, TB has emerged as a global emergency. 3 Kumarasamy N. Solomon S. Flanigan T.P. Hemalatha R. Thyagarajan S.P. Mayer K.H. Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus disease in southern India. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36: 79-85 Crossref PubMed Scopus (169) Google Scholar , 4 Kumarasamy N. Solomon S. Paul J. Vennila R. Amalraj A.R. Spectrum of opportunistic infections among AIDS patients in Tamil Nadu, India. Int J STD AIDS. 1995; 6: 447-449 PubMed Google Scholar India has the highest number of TB cases, and interestingly many of these are multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). 5 Udwadia Z.F. India's multidrug resistant TB crisis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001; 953: 98-105 Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar HIV infection is one among the factors which in combination to TB have led to rise of MDR-TB. During the last two decades, MDR-TB has burgeoned in India, resulting in an extremely large number of cases. 6 Karande S. Bavdekar S.B. Children and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Mumbai (Bombay), India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002; 8: 1360-1361 Crossref PubMed Scopus (10) Google Scholar Mounting prevalence of initial and acquired MDR-TB stresses the necessity for newer effective strategies in the Indian TB scenario. We investigated the profile of TB and the nature of drug resistance pattern among 176 HIV-positive subjects suspected of TB based on the clinical grounds attending a tertiary AIDS care centre in Chennai, South India, during a 4.5-year period from June 2002 to December 2006. Both pulmonary (n=126) and extra-pulmonary specimens (n=50) including cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage, pus, fine-needle aspirate, pleural fluid, lymph node biopsy, ascitic fluid, pericardial fluid, gastric fluid and sinus discharge were collected, processed and cultured in 12B vials following standard procedure recommended by BACTEC 460 TB (Becton Dickinson, MD, USA) operations manual. Following primary isolation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was identified by the NAP (p-nitro-α-acetylamino-β-hydroxy-propiophenone) differentiation test and susceptibility testing for the first line drugs was performed using BACTEC 460 TB. The drugs tested and the concentrations were as follows: streptomycin (S) 2 μg/mL; isoniazid (H) 0.1 μg/mL; rifampin (R) 2 μg/mL; ethambutol (E) 2.5 μg/mL and pyrazinamide (PZA) 100 μg/mL. 7 Siddiqi S.H. BACTEC 460 TB system product and procedure manual, revision E. Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, MD1995 Google Scholar Based on the history of anti-TB therapy, the cases were classified as having initial or acquired drug resistance according to the standard definitions. 8 Espinal M.A. Laszlo A. Simonsen L. Boulahbal F. Kim S.J. Reniero A. et al. Global trends in resistance to antituberculosis drugs. World Health Organization-International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Working Group on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344: 1294-1303 Crossref PubMed Scopus (621) Google Scholar Resistance to isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (R) with or without resistance to other anti-TB drugs was defined as “multi-drug resistance”. 9 Almeida D. Rodrigues C. Udwadia Z.F. Lalvani A. Gothi G.D. Mehta P. et al. Incidence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in urban and rural India and implications for prevention. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36: 152-154 Crossref Scopus (69) Google Scholar" @default.
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• W1967514596 date "2007-12-01" @default.
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• W1967514596 title "High rate of acquired resistance to tuberculosis among HIV-infected subjects of Chennai, South India" @default.
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• W1967514596 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2007.09.007" @default.
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