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- W1967668085 abstract "A differential scanning calorimeter has been developed for the automatic detection and measurement of dropwise freezing within a sample of 100–200 water drops. A typical drop size of 1 μl is employed. The sample is distributed on flat, square (4-cm) thermoelectric sensors and the temperature is scanned downward by conductive cooling to a liquid nitrogen bath. The rate of cooling, typically 1°C/min, is set by the choice of a heat conduction rod between the calorimeter and the liquid nitrogen bath. The voltages from the thermopiles along with a system temperature-measuring thermocouple are continuously monitored by digital voltmeters and recorded every half-second in a computer memory. A freezing event in a drop is detected by a characteristic voltage signal whose integral with time is proportional to the size of the drop and its heat of fusion. The half-life of a freezing event signal is 10 s for a 1-μl drop. The integrated signal produced from multiple freezing events is shown to provide a direct measure of the number of drops frozen at a given temperature. A distribution curve and its smoothed derivative can be constructed directly from these measurements. The instrument, which is termed an “ice nucleometer,” is illustrated in determining the ice nucleation distribution in a population of Escherichia coli harboring cloned ice nucleation genes." @default.
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- W1967668085 date "1986-05-01" @default.
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- W1967668085 title "A differential scanning calorimeter for ice nucleation distribution studies—Application to bacterial nucleators" @default.
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- W1967668085 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(86)90047-3" @default.
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