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• W1968766412 abstract "Going SouthProfessional Baseball's Contraction in Canada Robert Bellamy (bio) and David Whitson (bio) Historically, Canada is second only to the United States as a baseball nation. The League Alliance, recognized by many as the first minor league, had the Tecumseh club of London, Ontario, as a charter member in 1877. The Ontario and Canadian Leagues appeared in the mid-1880s, and before the turn of the twentieth century, baseball franchises existed as far west as British Columbia.1 Later franchises, like the Montreal Royals and Toronto Maple Leafs, loom large in any account of minor-league history; the Royals, of course, were the AAA team with which Jackie Robinson played prior to his elevation to the major-league Dodgers. Finally, Canada remains the only nation other than the U.S. to host MLB teams. Despite all this history and cultural resonance, the professional baseball situation in Canada at present is, to put it kindly, rather bleak. Only two Organized Baseball (OB) teams called Canada home in the 2009 season: the Toronto Blue Jays (MLB) and the Vancouver Canadians (short-season Northwest League). Four more professional teams (in Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, and Winnipeg) can be added if independent leagues are counted (see table 1). The situation was much different as recently as the early 1990s. Canada then had two MLB teams (Montreal Expos, Toronto Blue Jays), four AAA (Calgary, Edmonton, Ottawa, Vancouver), one AA (London), and five short-season or rookie teams (Hamilton, Lethbridge, Medicine Hat, St. Catharines, Welland) in OB (see table 2). In addition, independent baseball thrived in several other centers. Today, the decline in professional baseball's Canadian footprint is manifest; the independent Can-Am Association has only one Canada-based team (Quebec City) out of eight franchises, while teams in Calgary and Edmonton shifted for the 2008 season from the well-established Northern League (leaving only the highly successful Winnipeg Goldeyes) to the upstart Golden League. [End Page 86] Click for larger view View full resolution Table 1. Canadian pro baseball teams as of 2009 Our paper explores some possible reasons for the decline of professional baseball in Canada. The primary emphasis will be on the loss of the four AAA teams since 2000. The long, sad, and complex death of the MLB Montreal Expos has been recounted elsewhere and involves issues and factors that make it a special case.2 The loss of the lower minor-league teams parallels that of the AAA teams, albeit on a smaller scale. We also will not give much attention to the various independent leagues that either have operated or continue to operate in Canada. Independent professional baseball teams face challenges sufficiently different from their OB brethren, so we will not include them in the analysis offered here. We begin by taking issue with some of the popular explanations often offered for OB's decline in Canada, and we propose that the more important factor has been erosion in the coverage given to baseball in the Canadian media in the last fifteen years. This includes the dropping of MLB game coverage from national broadcast television for some years, a move that is only now being partially rectified, as well as significantly reduced coverage of MLB—or, indeed, of local baseball franchises—in major city newspapers outside Toronto. The decline of mainstream media coverage of baseball, even as Canada now has more players in MLB than ever before,3 has contributed to marginalizing baseball in Canadian popular culture and undermining the potential fan base. Conventional Wisdom The mainstream media in Canada have conventionally offered several explanations for the departure of the International League (IL) and Pacific Coast [End Page 87] League (PCL) from the country. These included climate and geographic distance, the weakness of the Canadian dollar compared to the U.S. dollar, inadequate playing facilities, the reluctance of local governments in Canada to subsidize professional sports facilities in the manner of their U.S. counterparts, and baseball's alleged inability to compete with hockey for the attention of Canadian sports fans.4 While each of these contains some truth, we argue that they also ignore important counter-evidence. Click for larger view View full resolution Table 2..." @default.
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• W1968766412 title "Going South: Professional Baseball's Contraction in Canada" @default.
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• W1968766412 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/nin.0.0065" @default.
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