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• W1969530433 abstract "Heteroanxiety and the Case of Elizabeth Canning Kristina Straub (bio) In the early years of the 1750s two cases of female criminality received considerable attention from London’s popular press. In 1751, Mary Blandy poisoned her father at her lover’s instigation. She was tried, found guilty, and hanged for her crime. Those writers friendliest to Blandy emphasize her lover’s connivance at the crime and portray Blandy herself as his dupe. Those most hostile suggest that she knew quite well what she was doing. All agree that she did, indeed, give her father the poison, and Blandy herself never denied doing so. The Canning case was a whodunit for London’s readers. In 1753, Elizabeth Canning, a servant, disappeared from her mother’s home, reappearing one month later, starved, weak, and telling a tale that was the subject of over forty pamphlets in 1753–54. According to Canning, she was robbed on her way home from visiting some relatives, taken forcibly to a house in Enfield Wash, stripped of her petticoat, gown, stays, and cap, and held captive in an unheated garret room, with only a small amount of bread and water, for one month. She managed to escape through a window and walked the considerable distance back to her mother’s house, from whence her case drew the attention of London’s magistracy, including Henry Fielding. Canning identified a gypsy named Mary Squires as the woman who, after a brief (and rather halfhearted) attempt to persuade her to prostitution, locked her up in the attic of the house which proved to belong to one Mrs. Wells, a woman well known as a procuress. Squires and Wells were convicted, but shortly after, Squires’ conviction was overturned, and Canning was herself convicted of perjury and transported to America. The pamphlet wars between “the Canningites” and “the Egyptians” (supporters of Squires) were begun by Fielding (pro-Canning) and Sir Crisp Gascoyne, Lord Mayor of London (pro-Squires), in 1753, and continued through 1754. 1 The popular interest raised by these two cases is remarkable; so is the primary focus of the controversy raised in both instances. The pros and cons of each are argued in terms of feminine sexuality. Was Blandy a sympathetic, middle-class, “woman of sense” who fell for the wrong kind of man? Or was she a lustful hypocrite? Was Canning a Pamelaesque defender of her virtue or a servant girl on the lam, who lied to cover her sexual transgressions? The Blandy case, while very different from the Canning controversy, raised many of the problematics debated in the latter. By touching briefly on the Blandy case and offering a more substantial sampling of the Canning/Squires materials, I hope to suggest how these two popular print “events” helped to crystallize particular constructions of feminine sexuality that formed part of broader patterns of thought and feeling about the British social order. When the Blandy case gained publicity in 1751, the Jacobite Rebellion was six years past and the Seven Years War which was to see the consolidation of eighteenth-century British imperialist identity was five years in the future. These two cases occurred at a critical juncture in British history when domestic identity politics emerged as a force in English nation-building. As Kathleen Wilson observes, the ‘45 Rebellion brought England to an identity crisis that, while it ended Jacobite hopes, brought about “widespread fears of the emasculation and degeneracy of the British body politic, a corruption that was seen to seep down through the polity from above. The early 1750s had been marked by a deepening sense of national malaise, stimulated by xenophobia . . . exacerbated by imperial rivalries and tinged by sharpening anti-aristocratic sensibilities.” 2 In this period of crisis in British identity, gender is critical to the opposition between an idealized, “manly” Englishness and its “effeminate” others. Femininity figures complexly into expressions of the particular “national malaise” that Kathleen Wilson associates with the early 1750s. “Women” constitute an otherness to the “manly” English ideal under stress; 3 on the other hand, a certain configuration of domestic, middle-class femininity embodies the class-bound values central to imagining a polity of manly (nonaristocratic, noneffeminate) Englishmen. The interest..." @default.
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• W1969530433 date "1997-01-01" @default.
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• W1969530433 title "Heteroanxiety and the Case of Elizabeth Canning" @default.
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• W1969530433 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/ecs.1997.0021" @default.
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