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• W1969568051 abstract "ABSTRACT A method of identifying and measuring strain concentrations is described and demonstrated which uses a laser light source and photographic recording. The method is shown by application to a T-junction weld to be simple to use and having a number of distinct advantages over commoner techniques. INTRODUCTION Strain measurements are commonly made at regions where high distortion is suspected using strain gauges or photo elastic coatings. Both of these methods require some knowledge in advance of where strain concentration might be expected. They also require careful surface preparation to enable reliable measurements to be made. This paper describes the application of a simple optical method for identifying and measuring strain concentrations which requires no surface preparation. The area of the strained sample in view is easily altered enabling rapid scanning of large structures. A further advantage of the optical method is that it can be applied to any part of a complex node or union where 1ine-of-sight access exists to possible problem regions. The optical method, speckle photography, is demonstrated here through its application to a welded T-junction between two a.15m diameter pipes. The principles of the method are also presented together with the relevant theory. The single beam speckle method is shown to be the most suitable optical method for engineering applications since it has no need of high quality optical components or a vibration free environment. EQUIPMENT Figures 1 and 2 show the apparatus used to obtain the strain measurements. The laser used in this work was a 15mW Helium neon type which was mounted rigidly onto a 1m × 1m × 25mm aluminum plate fitted with adjustable feet. Also mounted on this plate were an optical spatial filter for expanding and 'cleaning' the beam and an adjustable mirror for directing the light onto the equipment to be tested. The camera used was a standard 35mm single lens reflex type fitted with 210mm telephoto lens. The lens was fitted with a narrow band diffraction filter tuned to allow only light of wavelength 533 ± 5nm through. This allowed tests to be performed in subdued lighting rather than total darkness. The camera was mounted on a heavy duty video tripod either directly or via a horizontal travel micro positioning device. PROCEDURE In operation the camera was focussed on the object under test. The expanded laser beam was directed onto the test piece and the scattered light measured with a spot-light meter. The required values of the F number of the lens and the exposure time being noted. Once this was done the laser shutter was closed and the camera shutter locked open with the aperture set to the required value (typically f5.6). The first exposure with no loading on the test piece was then made by opening the shutter on the laser for the required period (typically 1s). Once the first exposure was made the load was applied to the object and the camera was shifted sideways by a known distance." @default.
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• W1969568051 date "1984-05-07" @default.
• W1969568051 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1969568051 title "Strain Identification and Quality Control in Welded and Bolted Unions Using Nondestructive Optical Methods" @default.
• W1969568051 doi "https://doi.org/10.4043/4744-ms" @default.
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