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- W1969619941 abstract "Experimental work found in the literature on the solubility of various silica minerals at different temperatures is briefly reviewed, and previous geological applications mentioned, of the use of the amount of dissolved silica in thermal springs to estimate underground temperatures. The common silica minerals (quartz, chalcedony, opal) are very widely distributed in vesicles and cracks of the flood basalt formations of Iceland and hydrothermal quartz and chalcedony have been found in drillholes in active hydrothermal areas. Quartz is formed if water temperatures are above about 110 °C but chalcedony at temperatures below about 100 °C. Measured temperatures in thirty 28 to 2199 metres deep drillholes in the low temperature areas of Iceland are often very similar to temperatures estimated from the silica content of the water assuming equilibrium with quartz or chalcedony. There is a close comparison between temperatures measured in wet steam drillholes and temperatures derived from the silica content of the water assuming equilibrium with quartz. Mixing of cold ground water with the thermal water leads invariably to some silica supersaturation at the final temperature of the mixture. Temperatures of the last equilibrium with quartz reach a maximum of about 130 °C to about 180 °C in the most prominent low temperature areas and a maximum of about 200 °C to about 270 °C in the five high temperature areas where alkaline springs are known. The conditions for the precipitation of silica in wet steam drillholes are predicted." @default.
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- W1969619941 date "1970-01-01" @default.
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- W1969619941 title "Underground temperatures in hydrothermal areas in Iceland as deduced from the silica content of the thermal water" @default.
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- W1969619941 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(70)90052-0" @default.
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