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- W1969887426 abstract "The Pennsylvania Germans (also commonly known as the Pennsylvania Dutch) provide an interesting paradigm of the nature of language contact because within the total Pennsylvania German community is enmeshed a variety of subgroups, each having a different relation to the dominant culture. The Pennsylvania German community is not one community, culturally or linguistically, and this diversity is reflected in the nature and extent of the languages used by the various communities which comprise the whole Pennsylvania German group. The Pennsylvania Germans began arriving in America as early as 1683. The German dialect they brought with them resembles most closely the Franconian dialects of the Rhenish Palatinate with some Alemanic influences.' This dialect continues to be spoken natively by many Pennsylvania Germans today, especially by the Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonites, who form a small but highly visible percentage of the total Pennsylvania German population. Members of the Old Order sects (the plain people) generally learn English in school and use it in school and when speaking to outsiders. Old Order religious rites and ceremonies are conducted in a form of High German which is essentially the eighteenthcentury literary German of their Bible and hymnal. No one converses in this High German form, and most Old Order people have only a passive knowledge of it. It is recited with Pennsylvania German phonology. Pennsylvania German is the main language used within plain families and communities, the language which is passed on to children as their mother tongue. Less conservative Amish and Mennonites tend to use more English in their daily lives and religious services than do the Old Orders, and this parallels their greater accommodation of the dominant culture in terms of life style." @default.
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- W1969887426 date "1980-05-01" @default.
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- W1969887426 title "English in Contact with Pennsylvania German" @default.
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- W1969887426 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/404912" @default.
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