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• W1969969189 abstract "1.ABSTRACT The transport of glass particles in a 32 mm ID plastic pipe has been studied using water, viscous water-glycol solutions and water with 500 ppm of corrosion inhibitor added. Particle sizes ranging from 30µm to 200 µm in batches from 0.1 g to 109 has been used. The particles have been activated in a nuclear reactor so that the particle velocities in very dilute suspensions can be measured using radiation detectors. A critical velocity is determined, above which the particles are suspended in the flowing fluid. This critical velocity increases with viscosity. Above the critical velocity, the particle velocity gradually approaches the average fluid velocity, and for the most viscous fluid may even exceed it. Turbulence is necessary but not sufficient to suspend the particles in the flow. To remove most of the particles a velocity three times the critical one is needed, the presence of film forming, amine type corrosion inhibitor makes removal of 30µm particles very difficult. 2.INTRODUCTION Certain amounts of sand may be produced from sand reservoirs, even when completion techniques have been employed to prevent sand production. In long transport lines for untreated hydrocarbons, the accumulation of even small amounts of particles may cause problems when the line is cleaned by pigging. For slurry transport it is well known that a critical velocity exists, below which the particles movein the form of dunes, above that velocity they are suspended in the fluid. Turian et al. has published a survey of correlations for this critical flow, but it is difficult to determine if these correlations apply at the low particle concentrations of concern in this application. Most correlation indicate that the critical velocity approaches zero as concentration approaches zero, which is definitely not the case. When long hydraulic lines are used to control wellhead equipment, extreme cleanliness is required to ensure reliable operation of the equipment. The line is typically welded together of short pipes, and prior to the installation all particles thathave settled into the pipe has to be flushed out. The particles may be a product of the welding process, or they may be characterized as normal industrial dust as will be present in most industrial environments where such jobs are performed. The appropriate standards require that particles down to 10µm are removed. When such particles have settled, they will be buried deep into the laminar sublayer of flows of attainable velocities. The problem is most acute for long length of pipes (pipes in excess of 50 km has been experienced) that need to be cleaned. The burst strength of thepipe limits the pressure drop that can be applied, resulting in a limited flushing velocity. For such long pipes it is also important to know the velocity of the particles in order to determine the time needed to clean the pipe. Due to slip between liquid and particles, the particles may not travel at the bulk velocity of the liquid." @default.
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• W1969969189 date "1990-05-07" @default.
• W1969969189 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1969969189 title "Propagation of Solid Particles in Single and Multiphase Flow Pipes and Pipelines" @default.
• W1969969189 doi "https://doi.org/10.4043/6412-ms" @default.
• W1969969189 hasPublicationYear "1990" @default.
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