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• W1970085210 abstract "Abstract Our evolving understanding of the mechanisms involved in the actions of adenosine on central neurons during the course of the past three decades has largely been a consequence of certain specific advances. Early recognition that adenosine could either inhibit or stimulate cyclic AMP formation led to the concept of A 1 (inhibitory) or A 2 (stimulatory) receptors coupled via G proteins to adenylate cyclase. The early development of selective agonists and antagonists for the A 1 binding site then stimulated a considerable volume of pharmacological research on the actions of this receptor. Evidence for the existence of more than one type of A 2 receptor also accumulated, culminating in the cloning of two receptors, the high‐affinity A 2A and lower‐affinity A 2B receptors. The synthesis and availability of CGS 21680, a selective agonist for the A 2A receptor, made possible studies on the pharmacological effects of its activation and the subsequent development of a series of A 2A receptor antagonists has further clarified the roles that this receptor plays in the central nervous system. Whereas A 1 receptor activation inhibits synaptic transmission, primarily by decreasing excitatory neurotransmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals, A 2A receptor stimulation appears to enhance neurotransmitter release as a result of increased Ca 2+ uptake. In brain slices, CGS 21680 facilitates excitatory transmission by increasing glutamate and acetylcholine release. However, when tested in vivo on central neurons by iontophoretic application, CGS 21680 has had a powerful depressant effect on neuronal activity which was blocked by coapplication of an A 2A receptor antagonist but not by a selective A 1 receptor antagonist. Further studies with the GABA A antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin, which also block the inhibitory actions of CGS 21680, revealed that in this instance A 2A receptor activation facilitates GABA release, causing inhibition of neuronal firing. Whether the GABA release is a consequence of enhanced excitatory drive to GABAergic neurons or is a direct effect of an action at A 2A receptors on GABAergic nerve terminals remains uncertain. Drug Dev. Res. 52:331–336, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc." @default.
• W1970085210 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1970085210 creator A5035655971 @default.
• W1970085210 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W1970085210 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1970085210 title "Adenosine A2A receptor ligands: Effects on neuronal excitability" @default.
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• W1970085210 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.1131" @default.
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