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- W1970173145 abstract "Introduction Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides an informative probe of molecular geometry in solution and as such it has been widely used by chemists and biochemists for some time. Recently improvements in instrumentation have increased sensitivity to the point where individual compounds can be studied readily on biologically relevant concentrations. In addition, new methods make it possible to observe signals selectively from one molecule in a biological matrix, and consequently these methods are useful for the study of individual molecules and their metabolism in situ. The technique is non-destructive, noninvasive and can be used at ambient temperatures. With the possible exeception of small amounts of 2H20 under some circumstances, it requires no a priori addition of reagents. Thus, NMR provides a powerful tool for the study of metabolism at a molecular level in living systems such as viable cells, tissue and intact living organisms or whole animals. Aspects of this field have been well reviewed, but its use for the study of metabolism and disease has not yet been exploited and the purpose of this article is to give an overview of its potential and indicate the manner in which it can be applied in the study of disease processes. NMR relies on an inherent property of certain nuclei, namely spin angular momentum. Isotopes of the elements hydrogen $ ) ‘H , carbon (13C), nitrogen (15N) and phosphorus(3 P), all have spin l/2 nuclei and therefore give rise to well resolved and simple NMR signals. The sensitivity of the nuclei, however, decreases with increasing atomic number. Even though hydrogen (lH) and phosphorus (31P) are >99% abundant, the strength of the phosphorus resonance is only 6% of that of hydrogen. Carbon and nitrogen suffer from the additional problem of isotopic dilution in that 13C and 15N are only 1.1% and 0.365% abundant. The relative sensitivities of the four biologically important nuclei are shown in Table I. In addition, living systems are in chemical terms in homogeneous dilute solution which for obvious reasons cannot be concentrated and consequently high" @default.
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- W1970173145 date "1986-08-01" @default.
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- W1970173145 title "Nuclear magnetic resonance in living systems" @default.
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- W1970173145 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(86)80032-2" @default.
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