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- W1970865246 abstract "The gradual incorporation of cesium into elemental samples of Al, Si, Nb, and Au bombarded with 5.5-keV ${mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$ ions was investigated by monitoring the emission of sputtered positive ${mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$ and molecular ions and the relative work-function changes (ensuremath{Delta}ensuremath{Phi}) induced from the shifts of secondary-ion energy distributions. With increasing Cs fluence and Cs surface concentration the work function is reduced, and reaches a stationary value at about 1ifmmodetimeselsetexttimesfi{}${10}^{16}$ ${mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$/ ${mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for Si and Al, 5ifmmodetimeselsetexttimesfi{}${10}^{15}$ ${mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$/${mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for Nb, and 1.5ifmmodetimeselsetexttimesfi{}${10}^{15}$ ${mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$/${mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for Au. The corresponding ensuremath{Delta}ensuremath{Phi} shifts then amount to -1.3ifmmodepmelsetextpmfi{}0.1 eV for Al and Si, -0.9 eV for Nb, and -0.4 eV for Au. This lowering of the work function reduces the ionization probability of positive ${mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$ ions by factors of about ten (Al), seven (Si), and three (Nb). In agreement with the electron-tunneling model of secondary-ion formation, this reduced ionization is observed only when the work function falls below a limiting value which is close to the ionization potential of Cs. Computer simulations of the Cs incorporation process result in stationary Cs surface concentrations of 12 at. % for Si, 10% for Al, 5.5% for Nb, and ensuremath{sim}2.5% for Au. These values scale inversely with these elements' sputtering yields. textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society." @default.
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- W1970865246 date "1996-12-15" @default.
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- W1970865246 title "Initial stages of cesium incorporation on keV-<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML display=inline><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=normal>Cs</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>-irradiated surfaces: Positive-ion emission and work-function changes" @default.
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- W1970865246 doi "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.17141" @default.
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