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• W1971011903 abstract "Over 24 million adults worldwide have been infected with HIV. Primarily a sexually transmitted disease, AIDS is inexorably linked to reproductive health and care. Because HIV tends to infect those who are in their reproductive years, the impact of this disease on population growth and life expectancy is projected to be immense in some parts of the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Not least is the challenge to individual families and infant care programs to care for AIDS babies. Estimates of the rate of vertical transmission of HIV range from < 10 to 46%. Transmission through sexual contact accounts for 75-85% of HIV infection worldwide, and today, nearly 20 years into the epidemic, the main tool to stall the spread is advocating change in sexual conduct. Numerous studies leave no doubt that the attributable risk of co-infection with other STDs--both ulcerative and non-ulcerative--in heterosexual transmission is substantial. The only known contraceptive method proven to reduce both infectiousness and susceptibility to HIV is barrier contraception. Spermicidal agents currently available have not been shown to reduce HIV concentrations in genital secretions, or to reduce transmission of the virus. The challenges that lie ahead are tremendous: we must continue to focus on development of affordable preventive measures; urge policy-makers to back further research in prevention to complement condom use; and advocate for continued support of basic research to learn more about fundamental mechanisms of HIV transmission.Primarily a sexually transmitted disease (STD), AIDS is closely linked with reproductive health, so that AIDS prevention, management, and counseling have become important elements of comprehensive reproductive health care programs. Due to the fact that HIV/AIDS tends to affect those who are in their reproductive ages, its impact on population growth and life expectancy is predicted to be immense in some parts of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The rate of mother-to-infant transmission of HIV is estimated to range from 10% in the US to 15-20% in Europe and to 25-46% in some African countries. 75-85% of HIV infections throughout the world are transmitted through sexual contact. Today the major weapon to combat the HIV epidemic is advocating change in sexual behavior. Several studies have proven that the associated risk of coinfection with other types of STDs in heterosexual contact is substantial. Barrier contraception is the single method proven to decrease both infectiousness and susceptibility to HIV infection. Currently available spermicidal agents have not been able to demonstrate a decrease in HIV concentrations in genital discharges or in the transmission of the virus. In order to face the challenges that lie ahead, people must focus on developing affordable preventive strategies, urge policy-makers to support basic research in prevention to complement condom use, and advocate continued support of basic research on the mechanisms of HIV transmission." @default.
• W1971011903 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1971011903 creator A5064710977 @default.
• W1971011903 creator A5075179757 @default.
• W1971011903 date "1998-11-01" @default.
• W1971011903 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1971011903 title "AIDS and reproductive health" @default.
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• W1971011903 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0378(98)00045-x" @default.
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