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- W197156674 abstract "This chapter discusses the muscles in living animals. Muscles are the biological machines that convert chemical energy into force. If a muscle shortens while generating force, it performs mechanical work. On the other hand, if a muscle's length is unchanged while it generates force, for example, during stabilization of a joint, it performs no work because the distance over which the force is exerted is zero. Also, if a muscle is stretched while it generates force, for example, when an animal lands during a stride, the work becomes negative because the distance is negative. Muscles consume energy during all of three types of muscular activities, and the efficiency with which they convert chemical energy into mechanical work goes from a positive number when the muscle shortens to zero when length is unchanged to a negative value when it is stretched. Under optimal conditions vertebrate striated muscles can be quite efficient machines. As a general rule, they are able to convert about 25% of the chemical energy stored in carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins into mechanical work." @default.
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- W197156674 date "1981-01-01" @default.
- W197156674 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W197156674 title "RUNNING MACHINES: MUSCLES IN LIVING ANIMALS" @default.
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- W197156674 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-027341-9.50007-4" @default.
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