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• W1972227446 abstract "The successful management of a pediatric airway case in the operating room (OR) relies on many qualities of the intervening team members. The ENT specialist should have medical knowledge and the ability to grasp the clinical picture, psychomotor dexterity for the manipulation of the instruments and familiarity with the assembly of the equipment, as well as team working and leadership aptitudes. The anesthetist has to deal with a non secured and often problematic airway, that is being manipulated. The nurse can be required to quickly assemble and provide composite instruments. Acquiring that expertise during residency has so far been limited by the paucity and irregularity of the cases, as well as by the fragility of the child's airway forcing the senior ENT to take over when ventilation is compromised. Similarly, maintaining the competence is not always trivial for specialists who work predominantly in the adult milieu, and have to deal with pediatric emergencies occasionally. Hence, the need for an alternative teaching and practicing method is obvious. Simulation first appeared in the 1920s in aeronautics and quickly became an essential part of learning to fly. In medicine, where likewise the life of some depends on the ability of others and real practice bares risks, simulation marks its beginning in 1960 with the introduction of the first mannequin, named Rescuci Annie (1). Emergency medicine and later anaesthesiology greatly adopted and developed it, integrating it into the curriculum of pre and post graduate years. These disciplines also lead the way in research, including an ongoing effort to validate the benefits of simulation and develop sophisticated teaching methods, as well as regularly publishing comprehensive case scenarios in the leading literature (2). In recent years, the importance of simulation in medical education has been recognized by many additional specialities as providing interactive and safe training conditions, and a variety of dedicated mannequins and accessories have become available. So far, the interface of pediatric ENT with simulation involved mainly dealing with emergency room situations, or practicing the technical aspects of bronchoscopy. Using a high fidelity baby mannequin and reproducing the OR settings in the laboratory, the logistic effort might be heavier, particularly regarding the gathering of a multidisciplinary team and the equipment's cost, still, the teaching content's possible sophistication is worth the effort. With OR simulation it is possible today for a multidisciplinary team to practice carrying out a realistic scenario of pediatric airway management. This represents a learning experience that is as close as possible so far to reality, whilst still enjoying the benefits of a safe and reproducible environment. The learning objectives and accordingly the simulation session's configuration can progress from basic to advanced levels, in order to fit the needs of any trainee from junior residents (3) to fellows (4) or even specialists. There are numerous ways to implement simulation in its various forms in medical education (5), and the validation of its value in ENT training is an ongoing process taking place in a number of universities, whose relevant publications have started to appear and are likely to do so in the next years. Since the benefits seem obvious and the risk nil, an example should be taken either from the industry or other medical disciplines who embraced it without waiting for the unequivocal proof. Two factors will further determine the rate of adhesion to simulation programs. One, is the creation of simulation laborato- ries within medical centers that are regularly dealing with pediatric airway, and who's teams will most benefit from training. The second is the ability of the medical community and the manufactures to collaborate in the development of mannequins that have both a more authentic anatomy designed specifically for bronchoscopies and a set of laryngeal pathologies on which treatment could be practiced. The incorporation of computerized virtual reality will probably enhance the experience." @default.
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• W1972227446 date "2013-06-01" @default.
• W1972227446 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1972227446 title "Improving training in pediatric otolaryngology: Simulating airway surgery" @default.
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• W1972227446 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.01.016" @default.
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