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• W197227923 abstract "Dept. of Geology, PO Box 871404, ArizonaState University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404.Lava flows observed on Venus, Mars and Earthcommonly display a large-scale lobate planform; that is,the flow margin is not straight but is comprised of a seriesof outwardly convex cusps that are pseudo-symmetricaround the downstream flow direction [1-5]]. It has beensuggested that these variations in flow width may berelated to effusion rate [3] or underlying topography [4].Based on results of a series of laboratory simulations inwhich polyethylene glycol (PEG) wax was extruded at aconstant rate and temperature into a tank filled with coldsucrose solution, we propose that the size of individualcusps within a single lava flow is related to the interplayof effusion rate, underlying slope, and cooling rate. Thus,we can constrain lava effusion rate if the other factors areknown or assumed.standstills of the flow front; i.e., where flow advancetemporarily ceased because at the flow front, solidificationof the flow was occurring at a slightly higher rate thanheat transport. In the experiments, these standstills lastedfor only a few seconds while the hydraulic pressure of theliquid PEG within the solid carapace increasedsufficiently to rupture the crust--somewhat similar to thedescriptions of inflated basalt flows on Hawaii [Hon et al.,1994]. The momentarily increased driving pressure of theliquid PEG caused the flow width to increase where theliquid PEG escaped from its solid confines, creating theepisodic narrowing observed in the final planform; weterm these episodic advances rifting events. In the finalplanform of the flow, these points of narrowing alwaysrepresent locations where the flow front advancetemporarily stalled; however, each standstill does notnecessarily leave a tell-tale necking in the flow width(Fig. 1).Models that attempt to constrain or estimate lava flowrheology from the solidified flow commonly include flowwidth as a parameter [6, 7]. This is largely because widthis relatively easily measured. Commonly, an averagewidth will be used for the entire lava flow, but recentinvestigations [3-5, 8] indicate that this is a significantsimplification of the flow process. Bruno and others [9,10] have demonstrated that qualitative properties of lavaflow emplacement can be determined from the fractal nature(or lack thereof) of a lava flow margin. Clearly,understanding the planform of a lava flow and whatcontrols its final shape is vital to constrainingemplacement dynamics for those lava flows which werenot observed while active--a category which includes allextraterrestrial and deep-submarine flows, as well as themajority of terrestrial flows. Unfortunately, complicationsthat cannot always be quantified in nature (such as precisevariations in pre-flow topography, or slight changes ineffusion rate or eruption temperature) may stronglyinfluence flow planform. In laboratory simulations, theseparameters can be carefully controlled, and the resultingvariations in flow width can be more easily quantifiedthan in natural flows." @default.
• W197227923 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W197227923 date "1997-03-18" @default.
• W197227923 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W197227923 title "Variations in lava flow width related to effusion rates through laboratory simulations" @default.
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