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• W1973677971 abstract "A theoretical model shows how sexual selection, on its own, can maintain biodiversity, provided that two realistic assumptions are met: that carrying capacity varies spatially, and that females searching for mates incur costs in doing so. The coexistence of species is facilitated by mechanisms that reduce range overlap between them. Sexual selection is one such mechanism, but conventional wisdom suggests that, on its own, it is not sufficient to separate species that are otherwise ecologically coextensive. This theoretical study challenges that view by demonstrating that species kept apart by sexual selection can coexist for long periods without ecological differences, despite range overlap, providing that two conditions are met. These conditions — that carrying capacity varies over space and that searching for mates is costly — are both common in natural ecosystems. This model provides an innovative explanation for how long-term coexistence has been sustained in groups of closely related species that seem to differ primarily in sexual characters, such as the cichlids of Lake Malawi and Lake Victoria. Empirical data indicate that sexual preferences are critical for maintaining species boundaries1,2,3,4, yet theoretical work has suggested that, on their own, they can have only a minimal role in maintaining biodiversity5,6,7,8,9. This is because long-term coexistence within overlapping ranges is thought to be unlikely in the absence of ecological differentiation9. Here we challenge this widely held view by generalizing a standard model of sexual selection to include two ubiquitous features of populations with sexual selection: spatial variation in local carrying capacity, and mate-search costs in females. We show that, when these two features are combined, sexual preferences can single-handedly maintain coexistence, even when spatial variation in local carrying capacity is so slight that it might go unnoticed empirically. This theoretical study demonstrates that sexual selection alone can promote the long-term coexistence of ecologically equivalent species with overlapping ranges, and it thus provides a novel explanation for the maintenance of species diversity." @default.
• W1973677971 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1973677971 date "2012-04-01" @default.
• W1973677971 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1973677971 title "Sexual selection enables long-term coexistence despite ecological equivalence" @default.
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• W1973677971 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10971" @default.
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