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- W1973870087 abstract "Certain genetic variants of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are linked to increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Hovhannisyan et al. propose a mechanism that accounts in part for one such association, the onset of coeliac disease, which is tightly associated with the expression of human HLA-DQ8 alleles and the mouse equivalent, IAg7 . This new work shows that the structural properties associated with the lack of an Asp57 found in all other MHC alleles alters the specificity of HLA-DQ8 and IAg7 . This leads to transaminase-mediated deamination of glutamine residues in dietary gluten peptides, causing them to bind more tightly to disease-associated MHC alleles and to mount an amplified anti-gluten response. HLA-DQ8 and IAg7 are also closely linked to type I diabetes, though it is not clear whether a similar mechanism is involved. The association of particular major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphisms with susceptibility to a number of autoimmune disease has been a puzzling phenomenon. This paper proposes a mechanism that might account in part for the onset of coeliac disease. Transaminase-mediated deamination of glutamine residues in gluten peptides may cause them to bind more tightly to disease-associated MHC alleles, activating heteroclitic gluten-peptide specific T-cell autoreactivity in the gut. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alleles HLA-DQ8 and the mouse homologue I-Ag7 lacking a canonical aspartic acid residue at position β57 are associated with coeliac disease1,2 and type I diabetes3,4. However, the role of this single polymorphism in disease initiation and progression remains poorly understood. The lack of Asp 57 creates a positively charged P9 pocket, which confers a preference for negatively charged peptides. Gluten lacks such peptides, but tissue transglutaminase (TG2) introduces negatively charged residues at defined positions into gluten T-cell epitopes by deamidating specific glutamine residues5,6 on the basis of their spacing to proline residues7. The commonly accepted model, proposing that HLA-DQ8 simply favours binding of negatively charged peptides, does not take into account the fact that TG2 requires inflammation for activation8 and that T-cell responses against native gluten peptides are found9,10, particularly in children11. Here we show that β57 polymorphism promotes the recruitment of T-cell receptors bearing a negative signature charge in the complementary determining region 3β (CDR3β) during the response against native gluten peptides presented by HLA-DQ8 in coeliac disease. These T cells showed a crossreactive and heteroclitic (stronger) response to deamidated gluten peptides. Furthermore, gluten peptide deamidation extended the T-cell-receptor repertoire by relieving the requirement for a charged residue in CDR3β. Thus, the lack of a negative charge at position β57 in MHC class II was met by negatively charged residues in the T-cell receptor or in the peptide, the combination of which might explain the role of HLA-DQ8 in amplifying the T-cell response against dietary gluten." @default.
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- W1973870087 date "2008-11-01" @default.
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- W1973870087 title "The role of HLA-DQ8 β57 polymorphism in the anti-gluten T-cell response in coeliac disease" @default.
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- W1973870087 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07524" @default.
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