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• W1974774228 abstract "We are grateful for the opportunity to clarify those aspects of the paper that generated Professor Riddell’s response. As the title and body of the paper indicate, our intention was to develop a simple expression to be used in a design environment that captures the main variables affecting R factors, based on the response of single-degree-offreedom oscillators. Professor Riddell is concerned mainly with the influence of damping and of the type of nonlinearity. With regard to damping, we certainly recognize that the damping level and damping model influence the R factor. However, it must be emphasized that the simplified R-factor model is intended to be applied in the practice of structural engineering. In practice, smoothed elastic spectra are typically provided at the 5% damping level and accurate data on the level of damping and the damping model to be used for inelastic systems are not easily identified. In a similar fashion, significant idealizations are often required in the selection of an appropriate hysteretic model and post-yield stiffness. In such circumstances we believe it is sufficient to base the R factor on 5% damping and furthermore, to describe stiffness degradation as either ‘‘limited’’ or ‘‘substantial.’’ The methodology of our study differed from that used by other researchers. Based on prior work (Cuesta and Aschheim 2001, Vidic et al. 1994), we selected R-m-T relations that explicitly account for the ground-motion frequency content by means of a characteristic period, given by T g . Rather than computing the mean of the R values associated with isoductile responses as done by other researchers, we instead identified simple R-factor models for which the error in estimated and actual isoductile strengths was small. This was done for a number of hysteretic models and damping levels used by previous researchers, although it is not entirely clear which models and damping levels should be used to represent the response of actual structures. Thus our intent is to introduce and justify simplifications in the R-factor models based on the errors associated with a variety of hysteretic models and damping levels. Unlike other models, these simplifications account for the frequency content of the ground motion." @default.
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• W1974774228 date "2004-02-01" @default.
• W1974774228 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1974774228 title "R. Riddell's Discussion of “Simplified R-Factor Relationships for Strong Ground Motions”" @default.
• W1974774228 cites W1988404469 @default.
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• W1974774228 doi "https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1646162" @default.
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