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• W1974904103 abstract "Host defense against microbial pathogens is mediated by both innate and adaptive immunity. In contrast to cells involved in the adaptive immune response, cells involved in the innate immune response primarily recognize microbial components as being of non-self origin through the cell-surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs help to mount efficient antigen-specific adaptive immune responses by indirectly providing co-stimulatory signals to the interactions between professional antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells; DCs) and T cells. These interactions lead to the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells into Th1 or Th2 cells, with distinct cytokine expression profiles. However, it is not known whether (and how) a single virulence factor from different pathogenic microorganisms induces a dissimilar pattern (i.e. Th1 or Th2) of adaptive immune responses in the host.Using a mouse model, Pulendran et al.1xLipopolysaccharides from distinct pathogens induce different classes of immune responses in vivo. Pulendran, B. et al. J. Immunol. 2001; 167: 5067–5076PubMedSee all References1 have now shown unequivocally that the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from two bacterial pathogens elicit diverse classes of antigen-specific immune response in vivo. The authors compared the adaptive immune response induced by an exogenous soluble antigen (ovalbumin; OVA) in the presence of Escherichia coli LPS, which is known to signal through TLR4, or with Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS, which is less dependent on TLR4 signaling. The results show that E. coli LPS induces high levels of the antigen-specific Th1 cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ, whereas P. gingivalis LPS induces high levels of antigen-specific Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5, IL-10 and IL-13. The authors then examined whether this Th1–Th2 polarization is attributable to DCs and found that E. coli, but not P. gingivalis, LPS activated CD8α+ DCs to produce IL-12, which in turn promotes the Th1 response. Collectively, these results suggest that the activation of DCs by LPS is crucial to skew the antigen-specific adaptive immune response towards Th1 or Th2 in the host.Overall, this work describes a biologically important phenomenon and provides a molecular explanation for this phenomenon in the host. However, it also leads to several important questions for future studies, including whether LPS from different bacteria interact with different subsets of DCs through distinct classes of TLRs, and whether this is a common mechanism to induce the adaptive immune response by live pathogens or their other virulence factors. The answers to these questions are critical for the development of effective vaccines to combat infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms." @default.
• W1974904103 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1974904103 date "2002-01-01" @default.
• W1974904103 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1974904103 title "A single microbial virulence factor induces diverse classes of host immune response" @default.
• W1974904103 cites W1834719122 @default.
• W1974904103 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02285-5" @default.
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