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• W1975401112 abstract "In previous frame-by-frame microanalyses of sound films of human interaction it was found that adult humans repeatedly made mechanically purposeless grasp-like movements in space. These movements, which were less than 2 seconds long, regularly occurred in lexical contexts containing the specific class of meaning: “a wish to get close to or away from some object. This object was usually ‘mother,’ ‘breast,’ ‘milk,’ or ‘food.’ ” Further observations of films showed that this same grasp movement pattern is performed by infants while nursing. This grasp-like movement pattern also occurs regularly in situations containing this same specific class of meaning in newborn and adult nonhuman altricial mammals. Thus, this adult human grasp-like movement pattern appears to have a phylogenetically inherited, biological basis and this might be called a “social releaser” by ethologists. In this study we hypothesized that this gesture functions to communicate between adult humans those specific meanings that were found with the gesture in the original microanalyzed films. Films of five of the grasp-like movements and films of four, similar, nongrasp-like movements were spliced together in random order. With a double blind method this composite film was shown without sound to 103 naive subjects, who were asked to write down the meaning conveyed by the movements. Consistent with our hypothesis, the specific meanings which had originally occurred with the microanalyzed grasp-like movements were associated 3.4 times more frequently to the experimental stimuli than to the control stimuli. An unexpected finding was that words or phrases meaning “no” were associated 5 times more frequently to the experimental stimuli than to the control stimuli. Thus, one adult movement pattern homologous to the infant's rooting reflex (the headshake “no”) and another adult movement pattern homologous to the infant's grasp reflex (the grasp-like movement) both convey the meaning “no.” (Spitz, R. No and Yes, International Universities Press, 1957.) These results suggest that the infant's grasping and rooting reflexes begin as biologically determined, unconscious indicators of an affective wish for milk. As the child develops, and in response to cultural influences, these movement patterns appear to take on the additional, preconscious meaning, “no.”" @default.
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• W1975401112 date "1972-05-01" @default.
• W1975401112 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W1975401112 title "GRASPING AS AN ADULT COMMUNICATIONAL SIGNAL" @default.
• W1975401112 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197205000-00006" @default.
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