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- W1975639393 abstract "The existence of viral has been known for centuries. In the 5th century B.C. Hippocrates noted epidemics of a jaundice-like illness. These were particularly common during various military campaigns, and likely represents one of the earliest reports of infectious hepatitis due to A virus, an illness passed by fecal-oral route as a consequence of poor sanitation. The observation in the late 1800's that could develop after smallpox vaccination with human lymph [1] and in the 1940's that could be passed by transfusion to volunteers [2] led to the realization that there was a second type of (that is, serum hepatitis) spread by contaminated blood products. Following the discovery of the Australia antigen (hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg) by Blumberg, Alter and Visnich in 1964 [3], it was recognized that many of the cases of serum were due to infection with B virus (HBV) [4], and that HBV was also an important cause of chronic active and cirrhosis [reviewed in 5]. Unfortunately, by the late 1970s it was apparent that HBV was not the only cause of serum hepatitis, and that other viruses existed [6], which could be transmitted by blood products to humans and chimpanzees [7]. Using molecular biologic methods, Houghton and colleagues cloned and expressed portions of a RNA virus from the plasma of an infected chimpanzee in 1989 [8, 9]. This virus, designated C virus (HCV), is now known to be a major cause of both transfusion-associated and sporadic non-A-non-B [10, 11]. Infection with this virus is often persistent, and may result in chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma [10–12, and reviewed in 13]. The persistent and indolent nature of HCV infection often results in prolonged viremia in spite of a strong humoral immune response [reviewed in 13, 14]. It is perhaps not surprising, then, that chronic immune complex diseases may occur in this setting. The relationship between immune complex disease of the kidney and B infection, a long appreciated connection, has been recently reviewed [15]. In this paper, we will discuss some of the more recently recognized extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection, with particular emphasis on its association with glomerular disease." @default.
- W1975639393 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1975639393 date "1994-11-01" @default.
- W1975639393 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W1975639393 title "Renal manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection" @default.
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