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• W1975996869 abstract "Protection and control (P&C) technology has evolved from the early days of the power industry using electromechanical technology that for the most part provided single purpose discrete functions such as overcurrent, over and undervoltage, frequency and impedance protection. At that time control devices were either mechanical or electromechanical providing discrete control functionality. Protection and control systems were designed by arranging the discrete protection and control devices on one or more system panels and appropriately wiring the devices and the primary apparatus they controlled together. Optimum design at that time was achieved by selecting only the discrete relays (functions) needed. It was not until the 1960s that solid-state technology was applied to emulate the electromechanical functions in both discrete applications and system applications that integrated several protection functions in a single device. The use of discrete solid state may have provided some initial cost savings and reduced panel space requirements, but they did not impact design costs and were also limited in the breadth of their applications. Solid-state system relays were costly, but provided increased performance solutions … speed, single pole tripping, current differential, segregated phase comparison, etc., usually involving communications that could not be provided efficiently with electromechanical systems. In the 1980s the advantages of microprocessor technology took hold and for the past 20 years the Intelligent Electronic Device (IED -based on microprocessor technology) has evolved from a simple multifunction IED providing a few protection functions to super IEDs with very large numbers of protection, control and communications functions. These super IEDs provide protection and control functionality based on selected catalog numbers with fixed functions and logic that are enabled, disabled or otherwise controlled by settings. Some level of programmable logic to complement protection and control functions is also provided. The implementation of IEDs has provided increased P&C solutions and design cost savings, but these still remain far from maximum potential. Also, there are often compromises to be made between the utility's protection philosophy and IED implementation. For example, combining reclosing, breaker failure, breaker control, or other functions in the same IED with line protection may or may not be the utility's philosophy. There are many other examples. The introduction of IEC 61850 and the Ethernet into the substation, however, are major enabling technologies that provide new opportunities to improve the implementation of P&C functions in a way to address the utility's philosophy, application requirements and reduce overall costs. This paper introduces the logical “next step” in the evolution of P&C implementation – a bridge between today's conventional substation and tomorrow's IEC 61850 substation. It will introduce the concept of application building using a library of discrete software protection, control, communication, and logic function blocks that are based upon the IEC 61850 logical node. Using a graphical user interface tool the user can optimally build applications and place functionality in appropriately sized and located (distributed) substation IEDs. In addition, the P&C applications that are built may be applied in conventional or IEC 61850 environments or somewhere in between. The paper will also address P&C application testing and testing responsibilities, P&C functionality distributed among the IEDs used in the substation, and finally provide some examples of available P&C solutions." @default.
• W1975996869 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1975996869 date "2010-03-01" @default.
• W1975996869 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1975996869 title "The next step in the evolution of protection and control impelementation" @default.
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• W1975996869 doi "https://doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2010.5469522" @default.
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