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- W19770259 abstract "The electron configuration of molecular oxygen is unusual. It has two unpaired electrons, each in a π* orbital and having parallel spins, and thus it is a triplet molecule in the ground state. This is in contrast to most other molecules in the cell, which exist in the singlet ground state where all electrons have paired spins. Reactions between molecular oxygen and most molecules are therefore forbidden because of spin restriction. Molecular oxygen, however, can be converted to activated oxygen species by overcoming the spin restriction by a spin flip producing singlet oxygen (O2 1), or by the addition of either one, two or three electrons to form, respectively, the superoxide radical (O2 -), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or the hydroxyl radical (OH). Unlike molecular oxygen, these activated oxygen species (AOS) can be very reactive and are often referred to as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cells must have effective mechanisms to remove excess AOS, particularly the most highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, to prevent oxidative damage to cellular components." @default.
- W19770259 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W19770259 date "2004-01-01" @default.
- W19770259 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W19770259 title "Activated Oxygen Species in Multiple Stress Situations and Protective Systems" @default.
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- W19770259 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08818-0_3" @default.
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