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• W1977672222 abstract "The arrowheads and lines of the Milller-Lyer illusion were varied independently in color and luminance. Stimuli were presented on a computer-controlled color television monitor. Subjects responded yes or no to a forced choice. Results indicated the following: (1) Differences in color between arrowheads and line reduce the illusion. (2) Luminance differences between arrowheads and line always reduce the illusion. (3) Effect 1 and 2 are independent of each other. (4) With a dark background, if the arrowheads are brighter than the line, the decrease is smaller than when the arrowheads are darker than the line. (5) A total change of luminance does not affect the il­ lusion. Results 1 and 2 contradict Wickelgren's contrast hypothesis, which predicts a maximum illusion with the difference between arrowheads and background at maximum and the differ­ ence between line and background at minimum. Result 4, however, shows that an explanation in terms of similarity only is not possible. Therefore, a description in terms of both contrast and similarity is proposed. In 1889, Millier-Lyer reported that the size of a line that is delimited by two pairs of in-going oblique lines is underestimated and that the size of a line that is delimited by two outgoing oblique lines is over­ estimated (Figure 1). Experimental results indicate that there are systematic relations between certain aspects of the Muller-Lyer figure and it's perceived size. For instance, experiments in which the geo­ metrical properties of the figure were varied have led to good insight in to the effects of variation of angle and length of the oblique lines (Davies & Spencer, 1977; Restle & Decker, 1977). Two other factors that have an influence on the Muller-Lyer illusion are color and luminance of the figure in relation to the background. Researchers interested in the influence of color and brightness on the Muller-Lyer illusion can be divided in two groups. One group used a MOl1er-Lyer figure in which the line and the arrows had the same color and lu­ minance. The second group used lines and arrows of different colors. The researchers in the first group, who concen­ trated on the effect of brightness, were Gregory (1977), Pollack (1970b), Ebert and Pollack (l972b), and Butler (1981). Gregory (1977) used stimuli with a color dif­ ferent from that of the background. He varied the luminance of the figure in relation to that of the background and was especially interested in the size of the illusion when figure and ground were equally bright, that is, isoluminant. According to his obser" @default.
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• W1977672222 date "1984-05-01" @default.
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• W1977672222 title "Influence of color and luminance on the Müuller-Lyer illusion" @default.
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• W1977672222 doi "https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03205934" @default.
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