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• W1977933488 abstract "Abstract This review represents a critical summary of results from published investigations which analyse effects of chemicals on mitotic segregation in Aspergillus nidulans (covering mainly references of the period 1965–1978). On the basis of the test systems employed the evaluated publications fall into three groups. The first and largest group uses tests which identify effects of chemicals on the frequencies of homo- or hemizygous segregants in heterozygous diploids (14 papers). Such “segregants” arise from increased segregation, usually either by mitotic crossing-over, non-disjunction, malsegregation, or from semi-dominant mutations of various types, including lethals and chromosomal aberrations. The second group includes a few investigations which test for increases in the frequencies of recessive lethals or balanced translocations in treated diploids that are revealed by effects on the recovery of haploid second-order segregants (3 papers). The third group investigates effects on the frequencies of haploid sectors from duplication strains, that are affected by some chemicals and may be due to site-specific recombination or chromosome breakage (4 papers). Of the reviewed papers several cannot be properly evaluated, either because they classify segregants by irrelevant criteria, or because they present only lists of tested chemicals but no details on controls, sample size, repeatability, etc. Furthermore, many different procedures were used; this necessitates tabulation in subgroups making comparisons difficult. Standardization of treatment procedures is therefore recommended, as well as the use of better-marked diploids which are easy to handle. Treatment can be of two types. Stable chemicals can be incorporated into agar media for effects during growth of heterozygous tester strains; this results in easy “quick tests” which may detect genetic damage of various types. However, only mitotic crossovers can be identified without further testing, since they show up as twin sectors. Alternatively, treatment of mononucleate quiescent and germinating conidia is carried out in liquid (or by exposure to vapors) and followed by plating on non-selective media. This method is quantitative, measures kill as well as induced segregation, and permits follow-up analysis. The latter may conclusively characterize the types of primary genetic effects that are the causes of segregation and allow meaningful comparison with results from tests in other organisms. In the accompanying paper (Scott et al., this issue) the chemicals used in all tests are listed systematically and the results from tests with diploids and duplication strains are combined with those from haploid mutation systems of Aspergillus nidulans. In addition, a general evaluation of the usefulness of Aspergillus systems and a correlation of the obtained results with those from in vivo carcinogenicity tests is attempted." @default.
• W1977933488 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1977933488 date "1982-01-01" @default.
• W1977933488 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1977933488 title "I. Diploid and duplication assay systems a report of the U.S. EPA gene-tox program" @default.
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• W1977933488 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(82)90002-1" @default.
• W1977933488 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7038472" @default.
• W1977933488 hasPublicationYear "1982" @default.
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