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- W1977956790 abstract "Hypothesis: Leukocyte recruitment to the cochlea can be induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) at concentrations that are not cytotoxic to sensory cells in the organ of Corti. Background: Leukocytes participating in inflammation enter the inner ear via the spiral modiolar vein and its tributaries. Many of the infiltrated leukocytes express TNF-α 3 hours after cochlear antigen challenge of systemically antigen-sensitized animals. Competitive inhibition of TNF-α receptors reduces inflammation and hearing loss in experimentally induced labyrinthitis in guinea pigs and mice. However, TNF-α is also potentially cytotoxic, acting through the external apoptotic pathway and TNF-α transmembrane, cell surface receptors. It may therefore also participate in the sensory cell degeneration resulting from inflammation. Methods: To test for recruitment potential, TNF-α or phosphate-buffered saline was infused into the guinea pig inner ear for 2 to 4 days through a cochleostomy using an osmotic pump (0.2 or 2.0 μg/mL; 1 μL/h) or a bolus injection (50 μg/mL; 10 μL). Auditory evoked brainstem response thresholds were measured before and after challenge, and cochleas were evaluated for the presence of leukocytes. To test for toxicity, organ of Corti explants were subjected to 3 concentrations of TNF-α (0.1, 10, and 1,000 ng/mL) for 96 hours, and the number of hair cell places was counted. Results: Tumor necrosis factor α infused into the guinea pig cochlear scala tympani resulted in infiltration of leukocytes around the venules and within scala tympani. There was no associated hearing loss as measured with a click stimulus. Tumor necrosis factor α applied directly to organ of Corti explants caused minimal hair cell death at concentrations used in the in vivo experiments. At higher concentrations, there was 15 to 20% loss of cells. Conclusion: Tumor necrosis factor α is sufficient to recruit inflammatory cells to the cochlea but is not likely to be directly responsible for the hearing loss that follows immune-mediated labyrinthitis." @default.
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- W1977956790 date "2008-09-01" @default.
- W1977956790 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W1977956790 title "Tumor Necrosis Factor α Can Induce Recruitment of Inflammatory Cells to the Cochlea" @default.
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- W1977956790 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/mao.0b013e31818256a9" @default.
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